Table 1

Model parameters

CN/brainstem parameters (all simulations)
τ_ex (ms)	0.5
τ_inh (ms)	2
D (ms)	1
A_ex	1.5
A_inh	0.9
IC model parameters
Bandpass model	Fig. 3A	Fig. 3B	Fig. 3C
τ_BPex (ms)	2	0.7	5
τ_BPinh (ms)	6	0.7	10
D_BP (ms)	2	1.4	2
A_BPex	2	3	6
A_BPinh	2.2	4.2	6.6
Low-pass/band-reject model	Fig. 3A	Fig. 3B	Fig. 3C
τ_LPBRex (ms)	2	0.7	5
τ_LPBRinh (ms)	5	5	5
D_LPBR (ms)	0.7	0.7	0.7
A_LPBRex	0.6	1	0.6
A_LPBRinh	2	2	2

A single set of parameters was specified for the CN/brainstem level of the model. Three sets of parameters were used for the IC models, illustrated in Figure 3, which had BMFs of 45 Hz (left), 125 Hz (middle), and 16 Hz (right). The model parameters for other figures were the same as those for Figure 3B, which had a BMF near F0 for most of the vowels used as stimuli.