Sample characteristics and sleep parameters
| Mean (SD) | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| REMSSUPPR (n = 15) | SWSSUPPR (n = 14) | ||
| Age (y) | 26.3 (4.4) | 25.3 (4.8) | 0.571 |
| BDI-II | 6.0 (5.7) | 6.4 (6.5) | 0.877 |
| GAD-7 | 3.6 (3.4) | 3.5 (3.3) | 0.936 |
| TOSCA 3 Shame | 42.3 (11.4) | 41.6 (13.2) | 0.892 |
| Education | 2.3 (0.8) | 2.6 (0.9) | 0.348 |
| Singing experience | 2.3 (0.9) | 3.1 (0.9) | 0.015* |
| Sleep characteristics | |||
| TST baseline night | 7:05 (0:38) | 7:13 (0:31) | 0.539 |
| TST experimental | 6:04 (0:27) | 6:10 (0:19) | 0.548 |
| N1 | 0:42 (0:16) | 0:32 (0:12) | 0.052 |
| N2 | 3:03 (0:30) | 3:27 (0:30) | 0.039* |
| SWS | 1:36 (0:29) | 0:48 (0:21) | <0.001*** |
| REMS | 0:43 (0:19) | 1:23 (0:18) | <0.001*** |
| WASO | 0:53 (0:21) | 0:49 (0:20) | 0.548 |
| REMS Fragmentation % | 42.4 (21.3) | 7.1 (8.1) | <0.001*** |
| SWS fragmentation % | 13.5 (9.0) | 39.2 (17.3) | <0.001*** |
| Forced awakenings, N | 10.1 (3.3) | 12.7 (2.9) | 0.031* |
| Awakening strength | 1.9 (0.2) | 1.6 (0.3) | 0.002** |
| REMS power spectral density energy | |||
| SO delta | 122.2 (42.5) | 206.2 (35.2) | <0.001*** |
| Theta | 104.5 (56.4) | 219.4 (49.1) | <0.001*** |
| Alpha | 109.3 (54.7) | 227.8 (51.9) | <0.001*** |
| Sigma | 143.1 (62.9) | 247.4 (49.0) | <0.001*** |
| Beta 1 | 125.3 (48.9) | 292.7 (54.0) | <0.001*** |
| Beta 2 | 125.3 (37.5) | 252.4 (71.5) | <0.001*** |
| SWS power spectral density energy | |||
| SO delta | 311.8 (161.2) | 157.8 (92.4) | 0.004** |
| Theta | 275.6 (133.6) | 160.8 (88.1) | 0.012* |
| Alpha | 277.7 (193.1) | 165.2 (91.9) | 0.058 |
| Sigma | 353.4 (183.4) | 207.8 (102.1) | 0.014* |
| Beta 1 | 287.1 (131.9) | 182.2 (84.8) | 0.018** |
| Beta 2 | 307.1 (124.7) | 192.3 (87.5) | 0.008** |
| SWS SO–spindle | |||
| Fast spindle N | 373.5 (142.7) | 190.5 (115.7) | <0.001*** |
| Fast spindle density | 4.0 (1.6) | 4.2 (1.7) | 0.762 |
| SO–spindle N | 82.4 (32.7) | 39.1 (25.0) | <0.001*** |
| Resultant vector length | 0.53 (0.10) | 0.55 (0.19) | 0.709 |
| N2 SO–spindle | |||
| Fast spindle N | 927.1 (341.1) | 1,037.9 (312.2) | 0.371 |
| Fast spindle density | 5.0 (1.2) | 5.0 (1.1) | 0.947 |
| SO–spindle N | 137.2 (41.9) | 149.9 (48.9) | 0.458 |
| Resultant vector length | 0.37 (0.17) | 0.41 (0.20) | 0.564 |
BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 questionnaire; TOSCA, Test of Self-Conscious Affect; TST, total sleep time; SWS, slow-wave sleep; N1-2, sleep stage 1–2; REMS, rapid eye movement sleep; WASO, wake after sleep onset; SO, slow oscillation.
↵*** <0.001.
↵** <0.01.
↵* <0.05.