Table 1.

Training paradigm and criterion to advance rats to the next stage of testing

StageNameGoalStimulus + rewardCriterion
1Continuous AccessPair spout light and tone with rewardNo stimulus; 50 µl 16% liquid sucrose bolus>500 licks per session
2Nosepoke Training—left or right side onlyRats nosepoke in operant ports following high luminance stimulus8 LEDs over the left or right operant port. Trials only appear on one side port with alternative port blocked. Correct response triggers spout light and tone, indicating availability of 16% sucrose reward>120 trials/session; 3 session minimum, 6 session maximum
3Random cue presentationRats respond to the visual cue presentations8 LEDs presented at random over the L/R operant port. Correct response triggers spout light and tone indicating availability of 16% sucrose reward. Error response to the nonilluminated operant port triggers the spout light requiring response at reward port, but no reward delivered

>200 trials/session; <10% error trials;

3 sessions minimum, 6 sessions maximum

4Center cue trainingEncourage rats to initiate trials by responding to the center “start” cueStart stimulus presented at the center, followed by random presentation of high luminance stimulus over the L/R operant port. Correct and error responses remain the same

>200 trials/session; <10% error trials;

3 sessions minimum, 6 sessions maximum

5Single-offer only sessionsRats are introduced to the low luminance cue and associate it with low-value rewardStart cue presented at the center, followed by random presentation of either the high luminance or low luminance cue over the L/R operant port. Response triggers spout light and tone, indicating availability of 16% or 4% sucrose reward, paired to the luminance10 sessions (±2); established response time difference for the high and low response latencies
6Single- and dual-offer sessionsFinal stage of the taskStart cue presented at the center, followed by random presentation of either the high luminance or low luminance cue over the L/R operant port for 2/3 trials. For 1/3 trials, both H/L stimuli are presented over L/R operant ports1 session to 5 sessions of testing