Participant demographics
| AD (n = 20) | Control (n = 12) | p-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 60.77 ± 10.04 | 63.68 ± 6.07 | 0.156 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 11 (55.00) | 10 (83.33) | 0.139 |
| White race, n (%)† | 20 (100.00) | 12 (100.00) | 1.000 |
| Education (years) | 16.05 ± 2.33 | 17.83 ± 1.40 | 0.029 |
| Right handedness, n (%) | 17 (85.00) | 12 (100.00) | 0.274 |
| MMSE‡ | 23.00 ± 4.34 | 29.67 ± 0.65 | <0.00001 |
| CDR | 0.83 ± 0.41 | 0.13 ± 0.31 | 0.00016 |
| CDR-SOB | 4.23 ± 2.16 | 0.46 ± 1.30 | <0.00001 |
Values for age, education, MMSE, CDR, and CDR-SOB are expressed as mean ± SD. The ages were between 49.0 and 84.0 for AD patients and 56.0 and 75.6 for healthy controls.
*Statistical testing was conducted using the Mann–Whitney U test for age, education, MMSE, CDR, and CDR-SOB; Fisher’s exact test for sex, race, and handedness.
†Race was self-reported.
‡The MMSE scores denote better cognitive function with higher scores in the range of 0−30.