Table 1

Descriptive statistics and statistical parameters characterizing the PNA phenotype (Fig. 1)

Mean ± SEM for age at VO, body mass at VO and AGD
Property	VEH	PNA
Age at vaginal opening (d)	31.7 ± 0.5	27.6 ± 0.7
Body mass (g) at vaginal opening	13.8 ± 0.3	12.1 ± 0.4
AGD (mm)	4.9 ± 0.1	5.7 ± 0.1

Property	Unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t test	Mean difference (PNA-VEH)	Effect size r²
Age at vaginal opening (d)	t_(4.986), df = 34; p < 0.0001	Diff [Cl, −5.824, −2.451] −4.138 ± 0.8299	r² = 0.4223
AGD (mm)	t_(5.124), df = 23; p < 0.0001	Diff [Cl, 0.8206, 0.1601] 0.8206 ± 0.160	r² = 0.5331

Property	Mann–Whitney U test	Two-tailed p-value
Body mass (g) at vaginal opening	U = 55	p = 0.0006

Mean ± SEM days per estrous cycle stage
Cycle stage	VEH	PNA
Estrus	5.2 ± 0.3	4.5 ± 0.7
Diestrus	6.4 ± 0.3	9.2 ± 0.8
Proestrus	2.4 ± 0.2	0.1 ± 0.1

Property	χ² test
Estrous cycle stage distribution	χ² = 36.1672, n = 425, df= 2, p = 0.000000014

	Estrus	Diestrus	Proestrus
Std. residual	0.3578012	3.771665	5.7238930
Fisher’s exact test; Bonferroni adjusted	p = 1.0	p = 0.000573	p < 0.00005

Bold indicates p < 0.05.