Table 1

Demographic information of recruited subjects

NSex (M/F)AgeAtCoder ratePE (year)JE (year)CPE (year)
Expert1010 / 022.6 ± 1.11969 ± 4676.9 ± 2.82.8 ± 2.44.1 ± 2.6
Middle109 / 122.5 ± 0.8894 ± 1754.8 ± 1.71.1 ± 0.81.3 ± 0.8
Novice109 / 121.7 ± 1.2NA2.8 ± 0.61.4 ± 1.0NA
  • Numerics from fourth (age) to last columns denote mean ± SD. PE, programming experience; JE, JAVA experience; CPE, competitive programming experience. Significant differences were observed between PE of expert-novice, middle-novice; CPE of expert-middle (two-sample t test, p < 0.05 FDR-corrected).