Sociodemographic characteristics of depressive patients with and without ELS and controls
| Depressed patients | Controls (n = 26) | Statistics | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With ELS (n = 17) | Without ELS (n = 9) | ||||
| Gender, n (%) | χ2 (df) = 2.18 (2.0) | 0.33 | |||
| Female | 13 (76.5) | 7 (77.8) | 15 (57.7) | ||
| Male | 4 (23.5) | 2 (22.2) | 11 (42.3) | ||
| Age, years (±SEM) | 35.9 (±4.3) | 36.3 (±3.0) | 33.3 (±1.8) | F (df) = 0.43 (2.0) | 0.65 |
| BMI, kg/m2 (±SEM) | 27.8 (±3.2) | 26.7 (±1.6) | 25.8 (±0.9) | F (df) = 0.34 (2.0) | 0.71 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 2 (11.8) | 0 (0) | 2 (7.7) | χ2 (df) = 1.14 (2.0) | 0.56 |
| Diagnostic, n (%) | χ2 (df) = 0.47 (1.0) | 0.41 | |||
| Unipolar depression | 11 (64.7) | 7 (77.8) | - | ||
| Bipolar depression | 6 (35.3) | 2 (22.2) | - | ||
| Medication, n (%) | |||||
| SSRI | 12 (70.6) | 6 (66.7) | - | χ2 (df) = 0.04 (1.0) | 0.58 |
| TCA | 4 (23.5) | 2 (22.2) | - | χ2 (df) = 0.006 (1.0) | 0.67 |
| Others AD | 2 (11.8) | 2 (22.2) | - | χ2 (df) = 0.49 (1.0) | 0.43 |
| Antipsychotics | 6 (35.3) | 5 (55.6) | - | χ2 (df) = 0.99 (1.0) | 0.28 |
| Mood stabilizer | 5 (29.4) | 5 (55.6) | - | χ2 (df) = 1.96 (1.0) | 0.19 |
| Benzodiazepine | 12 (70.6) | 3 (33.3) | - | χ2 (df) = 3.34 (1.0) | 0.07 |
| Attempted suicide, n (%) | 12 (70.6) | 4 (44.4) | - | χ2 (df) = 1.69 (1.0) | 0.18 |
| CTQ total, mean (±SEM) | 68.3 (±4.6)#¶ | 35.6 (±1.5) | 30.2 (±0.9) | F (df) = 57.56 (2.0) | <0.001 |
| GRID-HAM-D21, mean (±SEM) | 28.6 (±1.7)¶ | 25.3 (±1.4)¶¶ | 1.8 (±0.3) | F (df) = 198.23 (2.0) | <0.001 |
| N = 35 (100%) | |||||
| Menopause, n (%) | 3 (23.1) | 3 (42.9) | 1 (6.7) | χ2 (df) = 4.02 (2.0) | 0.13 |
| CP, n (%) | 6 (46.2) | 4 (57.1) | 5 (33.3) | χ2 (df) = 1.19 (2.0) | 0.55 |
N = 52 (100%). BMI: body mass index; SSRIs: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; TCA: tricyclic antidepressants; AD: antidepressants; CTQ: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; GRID-HAM-D21: GRID-Hamilton depression rating scale; CP: contraceptive pills; #p < 0.05 between depressed patients with ELS and depressed patients without ELS; ¶p < 0.05 between depressed patients with ELS and controls and ¶¶p < 0.05 between depressed patients without ELS and controls.