Table 4

Overview of studies in which pharmacological agents were administered intracranially with the aim of inducing reactivation-dependent amnesia for contextual fear memories in rodents, as identified by the systematic review

Target/functionDrugSubjectsAdministration
route		DoseAmnesic effect
obtained?
Protein synthesis inhibitors
 DNA and protein synthesis interferenceAnisomycinMiceACC50 μg-
MiceBLA62.5 μg/side+
MiceCA160 μg/side+/−3
MiceCA162.5 μg/side+ and +/−2, 3
MicedHipp62.5 μg/side+
MicedHipp75 μg+/−2
MicemPFC62.5 μg/side-
Micei.c.v.0.1 mg+/−3
RatsACC62.5 μg/side+
RatsBLA62.5 μg/side+
RatsCA180 μg/side*
RatsCA1250 μg/side+
RatsMC62.5 μg/side-
 RNA Polymerase IIDRBRatsCA110 ng/side+
Receptor antagonists
 CB1-R (inverse agonist)AM251Ratsamygdala280 pg+ and -
 NMDA-RD-AP5RatsdHipp5 μg/side+
 β-Adrenergic receptorPropranololRatsBLA1.25 μg/side+
 5-HT6-RSB-271046RatsCA110 μg/side-
 5-HT5A-RSB699551RatsCA110 μg/side+/−
 mAch-RScopolamineRatsamygdala50 μg-
 Histamine H3-R
(inverse agonist)		ThioperamideRatsamygdala44 pg-
Receptor agonists
 GABAa-RMuscimolRatsIL4 nmol/side-
 RatsPL4 nmol/side+
 5-HT7-RAS-19RatsCA15 μg/side-
 5-HT6-RWAY-208466RatsCA10.04 μg/side+/−
Cannabinoids
 CB1 and CB2-R agonistAnandamideRatsCA10.17 ng/side+
 CP55,940RatsCA12.5 μg/side+
RatsIL2.5 μg/side+
RatsRSC2.5 μg/side+
Intracellular molecule inhibitors
 PARP-13-aminobenzamideMicedHipp18 μg/side+
 MicemPFC18 μg/side-
 PJ34MicedHipp0.2 mM/side+
 LIM kinaseBMS-5RatsCA1200 μm/side+
 PKCChelerythrineRatsPL3 nmol/side+/−
 PKMζZIPRatsPL10 nmol/side+/−
 MEKU0126RatsdHipp2/4 μg/side-
 IKKSulfasalazineRatsdHipp2 μg/side+ and -
Ratsi.c.v.5/10 mM+/−4
 Proteasomeβ-lacRatsdHipp32 ng/side-
 CalpainALLNMiceCA11 μg/side+
PD150606RatsCA10.153 ng/side+
 RacNSC23766RatsBLA5 μg/side-
RatsCeA5 μg/side-
RatsCA15 μg/side+
 mTORRapamycinRatsdHipp5 μg/side+
 N-glycosylation inhibitionSwainsonineMicedHipp0.5 μg/side+
1-deoxynojirimycinMicedHipp16 μg/side+
TunicamycinMicedHipp0.5 μg/side+
Other
 Glutamatergic system blockerRiluzoleRatsdHipp2 μm/side+
 Sodium channel blockerTetrodotoxinRatsEnt5 ng/side+
Ratsamygdala5 ng/side+
 HormoneAngiotensin IIRatsCA10.5 nmol/side*
 PeptideNociceptinMicei.c.v1/3 nmol+/−4
 CytokineIL-1βRatsCA15 ng/side+

  • Additional details for each study, including PubMed ID, strain, duration of the reactivation session (ranging from 1 to 10 min), time of drug administration, and time between training and reactivation session (ranging from 1 to 36 d), are available at https://osf.io/x2pkq/. ACC = anterior cingulate cortex; ALLN = N-Acetyl-Leu-Leu-norleucinal; BLA = basolateral amygdala; CeA = Central amygdala; dHipp = dorsal hippocampus; D-AP5 = D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid; DRB = 5,6-dichloro-1-b-dribofuranosylbenzimidazole; Ent = entorhinal cortex; IL = infralimbic cortex; i.c.v. = intracerebroventricular; MC = motor cortex; mPFC = medial prefrontal cortex; PL = prelimbic cortex; RSC = retrosplenial cortex; + = at least one study reported a statistically significant amnestic effect; * = amnestic effect was found to be transient; - = at least one study reported a non-significant effect; +/− = at least one study observed that the amnestic effect occurred under some conditions (superscripts see Table 3).