Table 1

Participant demographics

PTSDControls
Age (years)34.6 ± 10.431.1 ± 13.1
Gender (female/male)16/925/19
Substance use (%) 64%* 7.5%
Medication use (%)40%36%
PCL total61.0 ± 16.1* 37.6 ± 13.4
PCL-hypervigilance4.1 ± 1.0* 2.1 ± 1.2
BAI26.2 ± 15.7* 11.8 ± 9.4
BDI26.8 ± 12.5* 17.4 ± 9.7
  • PCL = posttraumatic stress disorder checklist; BAI = Beck anxiety inventory; BDI = Beck depression inventory.

  • = Subjects with opioid, stimulant, and cocaine use were excluded.

  • * p <0.005.