Table 1

Stimuli description

Local wordLocal nonword
Global
word
GwLw: lexicalized compound phrase composed of two two-character words.
E.g., “希 腊 神 话 ” (pinyin: xī là shén huà),
translation: Greek mythologies. “希 腊 ” and “神 话 ” means “Greek” and “mythologies” in Chinese, respectively
GwLn: lexicalized compound phrases that consist of 4 independent mono-morphemic characters (Chinese idioms “Chengyu”).
E.g., “以 逸 待 劳 ” (pinyin: yǐ yì dài láo),
translation: wait for the exhausted enemy at your ease. “以 逸 ” and “待 劳 ” are not words in Chinese
Global
nonword
GnLw: non-lexicalized compound phrase composed of two two-character words.
E.g., “存 款 电 脑 ” (pinyin: cún kuǎn diàn nǎo),
translation: deposit-computer. “存 款 ” and “电 脑 ” means “deposit” and “computer” in Chinese, respectively
GnLn: random character string, nonwords at both levels.
E.g., “投 其 顾 此 ” (pinyin: tóu qí gù cǐ),
a nonsense phrase. “投 其 ” and “顾 此 ” are not words in Chinese either