Statistical analysis
| Figure | Data structure | Type of test | Sample size | Statistical data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1B, AVP cell count in BNST | Normal distribution | Independent samples t test | Males: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 11Females: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 8 | Males: p = 0.00014 (two-tailed), t = 4.57, df = 22; Cohen’s d = 2.64Females: p = 0.0025 (two-tailed), t = 3.58, df = 19; Cohen’s d = 2.02 |
| 1C, AVP cell count in nearby accessory area | Normal distribution | Independent samples t test | Males: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 11Females: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 8 | Males: p = 0.987 (two-tailed) t = –0.16, df = 22Females: p = 0.89 (two-tailed) t = –0.15, df = 19 |
| 1D, AVP fluorescent intensity (au) in the PVN and cell count in the PVN | Normal distribution | Independent samples t test | Males: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 10Females: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 8 | Intensity (au) measurement:Males: p = 0.947 (two-tailed), t = 0.66, df = 20Females: p = 0.289 (two-tailed) t = –1.10, df = 19Cell counts:Males: p = 0.514 (two-tailed) t = 0.66, df = 20Females: p = 0.82 (two-tailed) t = 0.79, df = 19 |
| 1E, Nissl cell count in BNST | Normal distribution | Independent samples t test | Males: AVP-iCre– = 6 AVP-iCre+ = 9Females: AVP-iCre– = 8 AVP-iCre+ = 6 | Males: p = 0.439 (two-tailed), t = 0.79, df = 13Females: p = 0.44 (two-tailed), t = –0.80, df = 12 |
| 2A,B, social investigation (live animal condition) | Normal distribution | Mixed model analysis with one between-subject factor (genotype) and two repeated measure [sex of stimulus, location of stimulus (two levels)], followed by independent samples t test with Bonferroni correction | Males: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 11Females: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 8 | Males: FSEX OF STIMULUS(1,22) = 261.34, p = 1.0792E–13FGENOTYPE(1,22) = 0.62 , p = 0.438FGENOTYPE × SEX OF STIMULUS(1,22) = 5.89, p = 0.024FGENOTYPE × LOCATION OF STIMULUS(1,22) = 10.71, p = 0.003FSEX OF STIMULUS × LOCATION OF STIMULUS(1,22) = 59.35, p = 1.0976E-7FGENOTYPE × SEX OF STIMULUS × LOCATION OF STIMULUS(1,22) = 11.16, p = 0.003Investigation of female stimulus: p = 1.0 (two-tailed) t = –0.70, df = 22Investigation of male stimulus: p = 0.004 (two-tailed) t = 3.75, df = 22; Cohen’s d = 1.52Investigation of clean stimulus in female condition: p = 0.70 (two-tailed) t = –1.40, df = 22Investigation of clean stimulus in male condition: p = 1.0 (two-tailed) t = –0.92, df = 22Females:FSEX OF STIMULUS(1,19) = 55.92, p = 4.4965E-7FGENOTYPE(1,19) = 1.60 , p = 0.29FGENOTYPE × SEX OF STIMULUS(1,19) = 2.16, p = 0.161FGENOTYPE × LOCATION OF STIMULUS(1,19) = 11.58, p = 0.001FSEX OF STIMULUS × LOCATION OF STIMULUS(1,19) = 3.12, p = 0.09FGENOTYPE × SEX OF STIMULUS × LOCATION OF STIMULUS(1,19) = 0.004, p = 0.94Investigation of female stimulus: p = 0.33 (two-tailed) t = 1.82, df = 19Investigation of male stimulus: p = 0.51 (two-tailed) t = 0.67, df = 19Investigation of clean stimulus in female condition: p = 0.58 (two-tailed) t = 0.57, df = 19Investigation of clean stimulus in male condition: p = 0.06 (two-tailed) t = –2.69, df = 19 |
| 2C,D, social investigation (urine condition) | Normal distribution | Mixed model analysis with one between-subject factor (genotype) and two repeated measure [sex of stimulus, location of stimulus (two levels)] | Males: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 11Females: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 8 | Males: FSEX OF STIMULUS(1,22) = 117.39, p = 2.7526E–10 FGENOTYPE(1,22) = 0.07 , p = 0.79 FGENOTYPE × SEX OF STIMULUS(1,22) = 1.31, p = 0.26 FGENOTYPE × LOCATION OF STIMULUS(1,22) = 0.05, p = 0.003 FSEX OF STIMULUS × LOCATION OF STIMULUS(1,22) = 59.35, p = 0.82 FGENOTYPE × SEX OF STIMULUS × LOCATION OF STIMULUS(1,22) = 0.22, p = 0.64 Females: FSEX OF STIMULUS(1,19) = 60.33, p = 2.5924E-7 FGENOTYPE(1,19) = 2.9 , p = 0.10 FGENOTYPE × SEX OF STIMULUS(1,19) = 1.48, p = 0.161 FGENOTYPE × LOCATION OF STIMULUS(1,19) = 1.16, p = 0.30 FSEX OF STIMULUS × LOCATION OF STIMULUS(1,19) = 4.27, p = 0.53 FGENOTYPE × SEX OF STIMULUS × LOCATION OF STIMULUS(1,19) = 2.91, p = 0.10 |
| Table 2, social investigation (time spent in zones, live animal condition) | Normal distribution | Mixed model analysis with one between-subject factor (genotype) and two repeated measure [sex of stimulus, location of zone (two levels)] | Males: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 10Females: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 8 | Males: FZONE LOCATION(1,22) = 15.68, p = 0.001 FGENOTYPE(1,22) = 0.0002 , p = 0.99FGENOTYPE × SEX OF STIMULUS(1,22) = 1.33, p = 0.26FGENOTYPE × ZONE LOCATION(1,22) = 0.01, p = 0.922FSEX OF STIMULUS × ZONE LOCATION(1,22) = 14.30, p = 0.001FGENOTYPE × SEX OF STIMULUS × ZONE LOCATION(1,22) = 0.13, p = 0.72Females:FZONE LOCATION(1,19) = 1.56, p = 0.23FGENOTYPE(1,19) = 1.70 , p = 0.21FGENOTYPE × SEX OF STIMULUS(1,19) = 2.32, p = 0.14FGENOTYPE × ZONE LOCATION(1,19) = 2.21, p = 0.15FSEX OF STIMULUS × ZONE LOCATION(1,19) = 6.73, p = 0.017FGENOTYPE × SEX OF STIMULUS × ZONE LOCATION(1,19) = 0.04, p = 0.85 |
| Table 2, social investigation (distance traveled, live animal condition) | Normal distribution | Mixed model analysis with one between-subject factor (genotype) and one repeated measure (sex of stimulus) | Males: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 10Females: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 8 | Males: FSEX OF STIMULUS(1,22) = 2.16, p = 0.16FGENOTYPE(1,22) = 3.48, p = 0.33FGENOTYPE × SEX OF STIMULUS(1,22) = 0.01, p = 0.92Females:FSEX OF STIMULUS(1,19) = 0.000043, p = 0.96FGENOTYPE(1,19) = 3.47, p = 0.08FGENOTYPE × SEX OF STIMULUS(1,19) = 0.01, p = 0.91 |
| Not shown, social investigation (time spent in zones, urine condition) | Normal distribution | Mixed model analysis with one between-subject factor (genotype) and two repeated measure [sex of stimulus, location of zone (two levels)] | Males: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 10Females: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 8 | Males: FZONE LOCATION(1,22) = 0.07, p = 0.80FGENOTYPE(1,22) = 3.21 , p = 0.08FGENOTYPE × SEX OF STIMULUS(1,22) = 0.52, p = 0.48FGENOTYPE × ZONE LOCATION(1,22) = 0.75, p = 0.40FSEX OF STIMULUS × ZONE LOCATION(1,22) = 0.26, p = 0.61FGENOTYPE × SEX OF STIMULUS × ZONE LOCATION(1,22) = 0.56, p = 0.82Females:FZONE LOCATION(1,19) = 1.14, p = 0.30 FGENOTYPE(1,19) = 4.28 , p = 0.54FGENOTYPE × SEX OF STIMULUS(1,19) = 0.66, p = 0.43FGENOTYPE × ZONE LOCATION(1,19) = 5.10, p = 0.12FSEX OF STIMULUS × ZONE LOCATION(1,19) = 0.19, p = 0.67FGENOTYPE × SEX OF STIMULUS × ZONE LOCATION(1,19) = 0.0003, p = 0.99 |
| Not shown, social investigation (distance traveled, urine condition) | Normal distribution | Mixed model analysis with one between-subject factor (genotype) and one repeated measure (sex of stimulus), followed by independent samples t test with Bonferroni correction | Males: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 10Females: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 8 | Males: FSEX OF STIMULUS(1,22) = 0.73, p = 0.79FGENOTYPE(1,22) = 2.85, p = 0.11FGENOTYPE × SEX OF STIMULUS(1,22) = 0.70, p = 0.41Females:FSEX OF STIMULUS(1,19) = 0.15, p = 0.70FGENOTYPE(1,19) = 7.6, p = 0.012FGENOTYPE × SEX OF STIMULUS(1,19) = 0.33, p = 0.57distance traveled in male urine condition: p = 0.05 (two-tailed), t = –2.42, df = 19distance traveled in male urine condition: p = 0.19 (two-tailed), t = –1.93, df = 19 |
| 3A,B, UM (live animal condition) | Males: normal distribution Females: non-normal | Males: mixed model analysis with one between-subject factor (genotype) and one repeated measure (sex of stimulus), followed by independent samples t test with Bonferroni correctionFemales: Mann–Whitney U test, independent samples with Bonferroni correction | Males: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 10Females: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 8 | Males: FSEX OF STIMULUS(1,22) = 52.62, p = 0.00000029FGENOTYPE(1,22) = 23.72, p = .000072FGENOTYPE × SEX OF STIMULUS(1,22) = 21.02, p = 0.000145UM to female stimulus: p = 0.000112 (two-tailed) t = –4.6, df = 22; Cohen’s d = 2.04UM to male stimulus: p = 0.16 (two-tailed) t = –1.45, df = 22Females:UM to female stimulus across genotype: p = 0.15 (two-tailed), U = 20UM to male stimulus across genotype: p = 0.32 (two-tailed), U = 32 |
| 3C,D, UM (urine condition) | Males: normal distribution Females: non-normal | Males: mixed model analysis with one between-subject factor (genotype) and one repeated measure (sex of stimulus)Females: Mann–Whitney U test, independent samples with Bonferroni correction | Males: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 10Females: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 8 | Males: FSEX OF STIMULUS(1,22) = 0.53, p = 0.48FGENOTYPE(1,22) = 12.51, p = 0.002FGENOTYPE × SEX OF STIMULUS(1,22) = 0.16, p = 0.70Females:UM to female stimulus across genotype: p = 0.467 (two-tailed), U = 52UM to male stimulus across genotype: p = 0.858 (two-tailed), U = 32 |
| 4A,B, USVs (live animal condition) | Non-normal | Mann–Whitney U test, independent samples with Bonferroni correction | Males: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 10Females: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 8 | Males: USV to female stimulus across genotype: p = 1.0 (two sided), U = 64USV to male stimulus across genotype: p = 0.334 (two sided), U = 47Females: USV with male stimulus across genotype: p = 0.16 (two-tailed), U = 52USV to female stimulus across genotype: p = 0.18 (two-tailed), U = 58 |
| 4E,F, USVs (live animal condition), syllable type | Non-normal/homogenous | Mann–Whitney U test, independent samples with Bonferroni correction | Males: AVP-iCre– = 6 AVP-iCre+ = 7 | Males: USV syllable type (all two-tailed):short: p = 0.14, U = 10, composite: p = 1.0, U = 22, downward: p = 0.63, U = 17,upward: p = 0.63, U = 17, 1 frequency jump: p = 0.45, U = 15, modulated: p = 0.37, U = 27, multiple frequency jumps: p = 0.63, U = 24.5, u-shape: p = 0.83, U = 19.5, flat: p = 0.73, U = 18,chevron: p = 0.08, U = 39 |
| 4C,D, USVs (urine condition) | Non-normal | Mann–Whitney U test, independent samples with Bonferroni correction | Males: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 10Females: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 8 | Males: USV to female stimulus across genotype: p = 0.77 (two sided), U = 60USV to male stimulus across genotype: p = 0.50 (two sided), U = 52Females: USV with male stimulus across genotype: p = 0.49 (two sided), U = 58USV to female stimulus across genotype: p = 0.26 (two sided), U = 60 |
| 5A,B, EPM (open/closed arm measurements) | Normal distribution | Mixed model analysis with one between-subject factor (genotype) and one repeated measure (open/closed arm) | Males: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 10Females: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 8 | Males: FOPEN/CLOSED ARM(1,22) = 51.74, p = 7.826E-7FGENOTYPE(1,22) = 0.36 , p = 0.52FGENOTYPE × OPEN/CLOSED ARM(1,22) = 2.81, p = 0.11Females: FOPEN/CLOSED ARM(1,19) = 189.41, p = 2.477E-11FGENOTYPE(1,19) = 0.30 , p = 0.60FGENOTYPE × OPEN/CLOSED ARM(1,19) = 1.30, p = 0.59 |
| 5C,D, EPM (additional anxiety measurements) | Normal distribution | Mixed model analysis with one between-subject factor (genotype) and one repeated measure (stretch attends/head dips) | Males: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 10Females: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 8 | Males: FSTRETCH ATTENDS/HEAD DIPS(1,22) = 262.1, p = 1.0479E-13FGENOTYPE(1,22) = 0.68 , p = .42FGENOTYPE × STRETCH ATTENDS/HEAD DIPS(1,22) = 3.90, p = 0.16Females: FSTRETCH ATTENDS/HEAD DIPS(1,19) = 33.82, p = 0.000016FGENOTYPE(1,19) = 2.03 , p = 0.17FGENOTYPE × STRETCH ATTENDS/HEAD DIPS(1,19) = 0.80, p = 0.382 |
| 6A,B, sex behavior (latency to mount, number of female rejections) | Normal distribution | Independent samples t test with Bonferroni correction | Males: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 10Females: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 8 | Males: latency to mount: p = 0.31 (two-tailed), t = 1.04, df = 22Females: latency to be mounted: p = 0.03 (two-tailed), t = –0.52, df = 19number of rejections: p = 0.61 (two-tailed), t = –0.52, df = 19 |
| 6C,D, sex behavior (percent mounted) | NA | Pearson’s χ2 | Males: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 10Females: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 8 | Males: Pearson’s χ2: p = 0.34Females: Pearson’s χ2: p = 1.2797E-27 |
| 7A, aggressive behavior (latency) | Non-normal | Mann–Whitney U test, independent samples | Males: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 10Females: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 8 | Males: latency to attack across genotype: p = 0.955 (two sided), U = 60Females: NA |
| 7B, aggressive behavior (percent attacking) | NA | Pearson’s χ2 | Males: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 10Females: AVP-iCre– = 13 AVP-iCre+ = 8 | Males: Pearson’s χ2: p = 0.85 (two sided)Females: NA |
| 8A,B, odor discrimination | Normal distribution | Paired samples t test with Bonferroni correction between odors | Males: AVP-iCre– = 11 AVP-iCre+ = 5Females: AVP-iCre– = 5 AVP-iCre+ = 7 | Males (all two-tailed, iCre– df = 10, iCre+ df = 4):water (3) vs almond (1): t = 5.132, p = 0.0004 (iCre–), t(4) = 5.261, p = 0.006 (iCre+)almond (3) vs coconut (1): t = 1.21, p = 0.20 (iCre–), t = 1.725, p = 0.16 (iCre+)coconut (3) vs male urine (1): t = 11.41, p < 0.00001 (iCre–), t = 6.675, p = 0.003 (iCre+)male urine (3) vs female urine (1): t = 7.936, p = 0.00001 (iCre–), t = 8.313, p = 0.001 (iCre+)Females (all two-tailed, iCre– df = 10, iCre+ df = 4):water (3) vs almond (1): t = 1.431, p = 0.226 (iCre–), t = 1.56, p = 0.218 (iCre+)almond (3) vs coconut (1): t = 2.250, p = 0.09 (iCre–), t = 2.10, p = 0.10 (iCre+)coconut (3) vs male urine (1): t = 6.197, p = 0.003 (iCre–), t = 7.454, p = 0.0003 (iCre+)male urine (3) vs female urine (1): t = 7.071, p = 0.002 (iCre–), t = 5.211, p = 0.002 (iCre+) |