Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients with CRPS
| Signs (symptoms) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Age | Sex | EHI score (handedness) | Pain duration (years) | CRPS affected region | Inciting event | Medications | Comorbidity | Sensory | Vaso-motor | Sudomotor/edema | Motor/trophic | Pain intensity (diary VAS) | Pain intensity (day VAS) |
| 1 | 49 | M | 100.0 (R) | 7.0 |
R UL, R LL, L LL, face, abdomen | Pain in R hand | Turmeric tablets | None | + (+) | + (+) | + (+) | + (+) | 4.5 | 4.0 |
| 2 | 56 | F | 100.0 (R) | 4.2 |
L UL, R UL, R LL, R and L chest | L humerus fracture | Duloxetine, gabapentin, oxycodone, quetiapine, tapentadol | L radial nerve palsy, Triangular fibrocartilage complex of R hand | + (+) | + (+) | + (+) | + (+) | 8.1 | 7.8 |
| 3 | 56 | F | 60.0 (R) | 0.9 |
R UL, R neck, R chest | Spontaneous onset | Ashwagandha, budesonide, cannabis, codeine, formoterol, oxycodone, paracetamol, salbutamol | Back pain, COPD, fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, peptic ulcer, radiculopathy, Raynaud’s disease, spinal disc herniation | + (+) | + (+) | − (+) | + (+) | 8.3 | 7.9 |
| 4 | 62 | F | 100.0 (R) | 6.2 |
L UL, R UL 2 | R hand tendon release surgery | Amitriptyline, cannabidiol drops, codeine , levothyroxine, magnesium, paracetamol, topiramate, tramadol, valerian | Diverticulitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, Graves’ disease (thyroidectomized) | + (+) | + (+) | − (+) | + (+) | 5.8 | 4.3 |
| 5 | 58 | F | −20.0 (A) | 8.7 |
R UL, R LL, R face | R arm surgery | Codeine, duloxetine, linagliptin, meloxicam, metformin, paracetamol | Diabetes | + (+) | + (+) | + (+) | + (+) | 4.7 | 4.1 |
| 6 | 67 | F | 100.0 (R) | 9.5 |
R UL, L UL, R LL, L LL | R radius fracture | Amlodipine, gabapentin, ketamine in lipoderm cream, metformin, metoprolol, pantoprazole, salbutamol | Asthma, diabetes, gastric reflux, hypertension, osteoarthritis, pubic symphysitis, supraventricular tachycardia | + (+) | − (+) | − (+) | + (+) | 3.7 | 5.0 |
| 7 | 47 | M | 44.4 (R) | 1.5 | R UL | Spontaneous onset | Amlodipine, atorvastatin, ibuprofen, paracetamol, perindopril, pregabalin | Hyperlipidemia, hypertension | + (+) | + (+) | − (−) | + (+) | 6.8 | 7.1 |
| 8 | 34 | F | −23.1 (A) | 5.3 |
R UL, R LL, R hip | R wrist fracture | Amitriptyline, buprenorphine patch | Migraine, R hip bursitis | + (+) | + (+) | + (+) | + (+) | 4.3 | 2.4 |
| 9 | 26 | F | −40.0 (A) | 1.3 |
R UL, L and R neck, spine, L LL | R hand nerve damage | None | Endometriosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome | + (+) | + (+) | + (+) | + (+) | 5.4 | 6.8 |
| 10 | 46 | F | 80.0 (R) | 3.9 | L UL | L hand carpal tunnel release surgery | Amitriptyline, betahistine, duloxetine, naproxen, pantoprazole, rizatriptan, tapentadol, valaciclovir | Carpal tunnel of R hand, fibromyalgia, herpes, migraine, polycystic ovarian syndrome with insulin resistance, vertigo | + (−) | + (+) | + (+) | − (+) | 0.6 | 5.6 |
| 11 | 24 | F | 70.0 (R) | 2.6 |
R UL, L UL | Overload | Amitriptyline, gabapentin, levothyroxine | Hashimoto’s disease | − (−) | − (+) | + (+) | + (+) | 4.5 | 4.4 |
| 12 | 52 | F | 40.0 (A) | 2.9 |
R UL, R torso | Broke tailbone | Ashwagandha, fish oil, ibuprofen, magnesium, mega B, melatonin, paracetamol, tapentadol, vitamin C, vitamin D | Endometriosis | + (+) | + (+) | − (+) | − (+) | 3.8 | 3.5 |
| 13 | 38 | F | 17.6 (A) | 12.7 |
R UL, R neck, L LL | Spontaneous onset | Duloxetine, gabapentin, naloxone, oxycodone, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) | Endometriosis, endosalpingiosis, Raynaud’s disease | + (+) | + (+) | + (+) | + (+) | 0.0 | 5.9 |
| 14 | 52 | M | −88.9 (L) | 1.9 |
R UL, L and R neck, back | R scaphoid fusion surgery | Cholecalciferol, ibuprofen, magnesium, oxycodone, paracetamol, pregabalin, tramadol, venlafaxine, zopiclone | L shoulder bursitis, Sleep apnea | + (+) | + (+) | + (+) | + (+) | 7.0 | 7.6 |
R, Right; L, left; A, ambidextrous; UL, upper limb; LL, lower limb; +, present; −, absent. Bold type indicates the CRPS region with the most severe pain. Italic type indicates remission of the CRPS region. Underline indicates medication taken in the last 24 h of the day of testing. The presence (+) or absence (-) of CRPS signs and symptoms are presented as signs (symptoms).