RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Sulcal Polymorphisms of the IFC and ACC Contribute to Inhibitory Control Variability in Children and Adults JF eneuro JO eNeuro FD Society for Neuroscience SP ENEURO.0197-17.2018 DO 10.1523/ENEURO.0197-17.2018 VO 5 IS 1 A1 Tissier, Cloélia A1 Linzarini, Adriano A1 Allaire-Duquette, Geneviève A1 Mevel, Katell A1 Poirel, Nicolas A1 Dollfus, Sonia A1 Etard, Olivier A1 Orliac, François A1 Peyrin, Carole A1 Charron, Sylvain A1 Raznahan, Armin A1 Houdé, Olivier A1 Borst, Grégoire A1 Cachia, Arnaud YR 2018 UL http://www.eneuro.org/content/5/1/ENEURO.0197-17.2018.abstract AB Inhibitory control (IC) is a core executive function that enables humans to resist habits, temptations, or distractions. IC efficiency in childhood is a strong predictor of academic and professional success later in life. Based on analysis of the sulcal pattern, a qualitative feature of cortex anatomy determined during fetal life and stable during development, we searched for evidence that interindividual differences in IC partly trace back to prenatal processes. Using anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we analyzed the sulcal pattern of two key regions of the IC neural network, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the inferior frontal cortex (IFC), which limits the inferior frontal gyrus. We found that the sulcal pattern asymmetry of both the ACC and IFC contributes to IC (Stroop score) in children and adults: participants with asymmetrical ACC or IFC sulcal patterns had better IC efficiency than participants with symmetrical ACC or IFC sulcal patterns. Such additive effects of IFC and ACC sulcal patterns on IC efficiency suggest that distinct early neurodevelopmental mechanisms targeting different brain regions likely contribute to IC efficiency. This view shares some analogies with the “common variant–small effect” model in genetics, which states that frequent genetic polymorphisms have small effects but collectively account for a large portion of the variance. Similarly, each sulcal polymorphism has a small but additive effect: IFC and ACC sulcal patterns, respectively, explained 3% and 14% of the variance of the Stroop interference scores.