TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying Mesoscale Neuroanatomy Using X-Ray Microtomography JF - eneuro JO - eNeuro DO - 10.1523/ENEURO.0195-17.2017 VL - 4 IS - 5 SP - ENEURO.0195-17.2017 AU - Eva L. Dyer AU - William Gray Roncal AU - Judy A. Prasad AU - Hugo L. Fernandes AU - Doga Gürsoy AU - Vincent De Andrade AU - Kamel Fezzaa AU - Xianghui Xiao AU - Joshua T. Vogelstein AU - Chris Jacobsen AU - Konrad P. Körding AU - Narayanan Kasthuri Y1 - 2017/09/01 UR - http://www.eneuro.org/content/4/5/ENEURO.0195-17.2017.abstract N2 - Methods for resolving the three-dimensional (3D) microstructure of the brain typically start by thinly slicing and staining the brain, followed by imaging numerous individual sections with visible light photons or electrons. In contrast, X-rays can be used to image thick samples, providing a rapid approach for producing large 3D brain maps without sectioning. Here we demonstrate the use of synchrotron X-ray microtomography (µCT) for producing mesoscale (∼1 µm 3 resolution) brain maps from millimeter-scale volumes of mouse brain. We introduce a pipeline for µCT-based brain mapping that develops and integrates methods for sample preparation, imaging, and automated segmentation of cells, blood vessels, and myelinated axons, in addition to statistical analyses of these brain structures. Our results demonstrate that X-ray tomography achieves rapid quantification of large brain volumes, complementing other brain mapping and connectomics efforts. ER -