PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Bonnefond, Mathilde AU - Kastner, Sabine AU - Jensen, Ole TI - Communication between Brain Areas Based on Nested Oscillations AID - 10.1523/ENEURO.0153-16.2017 DP - 2017 Mar 01 TA - eneuro PG - ENEURO.0153-16.2017 VI - 4 IP - 2 4099 - http://www.eneuro.org/content/4/2/ENEURO.0153-16.2017.short 4100 - http://www.eneuro.org/content/4/2/ENEURO.0153-16.2017.full SO - eNeuro2017 Mar 01; 4 AB - Unraveling how brain regions communicate is crucial for understanding how the brain processes external and internal information. Neuronal oscillations within and across brain regions have been proposed to play a crucial role in this process. Two main hypotheses have been suggested for routing of information based on oscillations, namely communication through coherence and gating by inhibition. Here, we propose a framework unifying these two hypotheses that is based on recent empirical findings. We discuss a theory in which communication between two regions is established by phase synchronization of oscillations at lower frequencies (<25 Hz), which serve as temporal reference frame for information carried by high-frequency activity (>40 Hz). Our framework, consistent with numerous recent empirical findings, posits that cross-frequency interactions are essential for understanding how large-scale cognitive and perceptual networks operate.