<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><xml><records><record><source-app name="HighWire" version="7.x">Drupal-HighWire</source-app><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bocchio, Marco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fisher, Simon P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Unal, Gunes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ellender, Tommas J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Capogna, Marco</style></author></authors><secondary-authors></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sleep and Serotonin Modulate Paracapsular Nitric Oxide Synthase Expressing Neurons of the Amygdala</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eneuro</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016-09-01 00:00:00</style></date></pub-dates></dates><elocation-id><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENEURO.0177-16.2016</style></elocation-id><doi><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1523/ENEURO.0177-16.2016</style></doi><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><abstract><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Unraveling the roles of distinct neuron types is a fundamental challenge to understanding brain function in health and disease. In the amygdala, a brain structure regulating emotional behavior, the diversity of GABAergic neurons has been only partially explored. We report a novel population of GABAergic amygdala neurons expressing high levels of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). These cells are predominantly localized along basolateral amygdala (BLA) boundaries. Performing ex vivo patch-clamp recordings from nNOS+ neurons in Nos1-CreER;Ai9 mice, we observed that nNOS+ neurons located along the external capsule display distinctive electrophysiological properties, axonal and dendritic arborization, and connectivity. Examining their c-Fos expression, we found that paracapsular nNOS+ neurons are activated during a period of undisturbed sleep following sleep deprivation, but not during sleep deprivation. Consistently, we found that dorsal raphe serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] neurons, which are involved in sleep–wake regulation, innervate nNOS+ neurons. Bath application of 5-HT hyperpolarizes nNOS+ neurons via 5-HT1A receptors. This hyperpolarization produces a reduction in firing rate and, occasionally, a switch from tonic to burst firing mode, thereby contrasting with the classic depolarizing effect of 5-HT on BLA GABAergic cells reported so far. Thus, nNOS+ cells are a distinct cell type of the amygdala that controls the activity of downstream neurons in both amygdaloid and extra-amygdaloid regions in a vigilance state-dependent fashion. Given the strong links among mood, sleep deprivation, and 5-HT, the recruitment of paracapsular nNOS+ neurons following high sleep pressure may represent an important mechanism in emotional regulation.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>