TY - JOUR T1 - Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Supplementation Promotes Brain Maturation in Preterm Pigs JF - eneuro JO - eNeuro DO - 10.1523/ENEURO.0430-22.2023 VL - 10 IS - 4 SP - ENEURO.0430-22.2023 AU - Line I. Christiansen AU - Bo Holmqvist AU - Xiaoyu Pan AU - Kristine Holgersen AU - Sandy E. H. Lindholm AU - Nicole L. Henriksen AU - Douglas G. Burrin AU - David Ley AU - Thomas Thymann AU - Per Torp Sangild AU - Stanislava Pankratova Y1 - 2023/04/01 UR - http://www.eneuro.org/content/10/4/ENEURO.0430-22.2023.abstract N2 - Very preterm infants show low levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which is associated with postnatal growth restriction and poor neurologic outcomes. It remains unknown whether supplemental IGF-1 may stimulate neurodevelopment in preterm neonates. Using cesarean-delivered preterm pigs as a model of preterm infants, we investigated the effects of supplemental IGF-1 on motor function and on regional and cellular brain development. Pigs were treated with 2.25 mg/kg/d recombinant human IGF-1/IGF binding protein-3 complex from birth until day 5 or 9 before the collection of brain samples for quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC), RNA sequencing, and quantitative PCR analyses. Brain protein synthesis was measured using in vivo labeling with [2H5] phenylalanine. We showed that the IGF-1 receptor was widely distributed in the brain and largely coexisted with immature neurons. Region-specific quantification of IHC labeling showed that IGF-1 treatment promoted neuronal differentiation, increased subcortical myelination, and attenuated synaptogenesis in a region-dependent and time-dependent manner. The expression levels of genes involved in neuronal and oligodendrocyte maturation, and angiogenic and transport functions were altered, reflecting enhanced brain maturation in response to IGF-1 treatment. Cerebellar protein synthesis was increased by 19% at day 5 and 14% at day 9 after IGF-1 treatment. Treatment had no effect on Iba1+ microglia or regional brain weights and did not affect motor development or the expression of genes related to IGF-1 signaling. In conclusion, the data show that supplemental IGF-1 promotes brain maturation in newborn preterm pigs. The results provide further support for IGF-1 supplementation therapy in the early postnatal period in preterm infants. ER -