RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Gender Impacts the Relationship between Mood Disorder Symptoms and Effortful Avoidance Performance JF eneuro JO eNeuro FD Society for Neuroscience SP ENEURO.0239-22.2023 DO 10.1523/ENEURO.0239-22.2023 VO 10 IS 2 A1 Forys, Brandon J. A1 Tomm, Ryan J. A1 Stamboliyska, Dayana A1 Terpstra, Alex R. A1 Clark, Luke A1 Chakrabarty, Trisha A1 Floresco, Stan B. A1 Todd, Rebecca M. YR 2023 UL http://www.eneuro.org/content/10/2/ENEURO.0239-22.2023.abstract AB We must often decide how much effort to exert or withhold to avoid undesirable outcomes or obtain rewards. In depression and anxiety, levels of avoidance can be excessive and reward-seeking may be reduced. Yet outstanding questions remain about the links between motivated action/inhibition and anxiety and depression levels, and whether they differ between men and women. Here, we examined the relationship between anxiety and depression scores, and performance on effortful active and inhibitory avoidance (Study 1) and reward seeking (Study 2) in humans. Undergraduates and paid online workers (NAvoid = 545, NReward = 310; NFemale = 368, NMale = 450, MAge = 22.58, RangeAge = 17–62) were assessed on the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and performed an instructed online avoidance or reward-seeking task. Participants had to make multiple presses on active trials and withhold presses on inhibitory trials to avoid an unpleasant sound (Study 1) or obtain points toward a monetary reward (Study 2). Overall, men deployed more effort than women in both avoidance and reward-seeking, and anxiety scores were negatively associated with active reward-seeking performance based on sensitivity scores. Gender interacted with anxiety scores and inhibitory avoidance performance, such that women with higher anxiety showed worse avoidance performance. Our results illuminate effects of gender in the relationship between anxiety and depression levels and the motivation to actively and effortfully respond to obtain positive and avoid negative outcomes.