RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 P2X7 Receptor and Purinergic Signaling: Orchestrating Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases
JF eneuro
JO eNeuro
FD Society for Neuroscience
SP ENEURO.0092-22.2022
DO 10.1523/ENEURO.0092-22.2022
VO 9
IS 6
A1 Alexsandra S. Zelentsova
A1 Alexei V. Deykin
A1 Vladislav O. Soldatov
A1 Anastasia A. Ulezko
A1 Alina Y. Borisova
A1 Veronika S. Belyaeva
A1 Marina Y. Skorkina
A1 Plamena R. Angelova
YR 2022
UL http://www.eneuro.org/content/9/6/ENEURO.0092-22.2022.abstract
AB Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the basic hallmarks of cellular pathology in neurodegenerative diseases. Since the metabolic activity of neurons is highly dependent on energy supply, nerve cells are especially vulnerable to impaired mitochondrial function. Besides providing oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria are also involved in controlling levels of second messengers such as Ca2+ ions and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, the critical role of mitochondria as producers of ROS is closely related to P2XR purinergic receptors, the activity of which is modulated by free radicals. Here, we review the relationships between the purinergic signaling system and affected mitochondrial function. Purinergic signaling regulates numerous vital biological processes in the CNS. The two main purines, ATP and adenosine, act as excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, respectively. Current evidence suggests that purinergic signaling best explains how neuronal activity is related to neuronal electrical activity and energy homeostasis, especially in the development of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms underlying the involvement of the P2RX7 purinoreceptor in triggering mitochondrial dysfunction during the development of neurodegenerative disorders. We also summarize various avenues by which the purine signaling pathway may trigger metabolic dysfunction contributing to neuronal death and the inflammatory activation of glial cells. Finally, we discuss the potential role of the purinergic system in the search for new therapeutic approaches to treat neurodegenerative diseases.