PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Tyler Good AU - Michael Schirner AU - Kelly Shen AU - Petra Ritter AU - Pratik Mukherjee AU - Brian Levine AU - Anthony Randal McIntosh TI - Personalized Connectome-Based Modeling in Patients with Semi-Acute Phase TBI: Relationship to Acute Neuroimaging and 6 Month Follow-Up AID - 10.1523/ENEURO.0075-21.2022 DP - 2022 Jan 01 TA - eneuro PG - ENEURO.0075-21.2022 VI - 9 IP - 1 4099 - http://www.eneuro.org/content/9/1/ENEURO.0075-21.2022.short 4100 - http://www.eneuro.org/content/9/1/ENEURO.0075-21.2022.full SO - eNeuro2022 Jan 01; 9 AB - Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), cognitive impairments manifest through interactions between microscopic and macroscopic changes. On the microscale, a neurometabolic cascade alters neurotransmission, while on the macroscale diffuse axonal injury impacts the integrity of long-range connections. Large-scale brain network modeling allows us to make predictions across these spatial scales by integrating neuroimaging data with biophysically based models to investigate how microscale changes invisible to conventional neuroimaging influence large-scale brain dynamics. To this end, we analyzed structural and functional neuroimaging data from a well characterized sample of 44 adult TBI patients recruited from a regional trauma center, scanned at 1–2 weeks postinjury, and with follow-up behavioral outcome assessed 6 months later. Thirty-six age-matched healthy adults served as comparison participants. Using The Virtual Brain, we fit simulations of whole-brain resting-state functional MRI to the empirical static and dynamic functional connectivity of each participant. Multivariate partial least squares (PLS) analysis showed that patients with acute traumatic intracranial lesions had lower cortical regional inhibitory connection strengths than comparison participants, while patients without acute lesions did not differ from the comparison group. Further multivariate PLS analyses found correlations between lower semiacute regional inhibitory connection strengths and more symptoms and lower cognitive performance at a 6 month follow-up. Critically, patients without acute lesions drove this relationship, suggesting clinical relevance of regional inhibitory connection strengths even when traumatic intracranial lesions were not present. Our results suggest that large-scale connectome-based models may be sensitive to pathophysiological changes in semi-acute phase TBI patients and predictive of their chronic outcomes.