PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Brette, Romain TI - Integrative Neuroscience of <em>Paramecium</em>, a “Swimming Neuron” AID - 10.1523/ENEURO.0018-21.2021 DP - 2021 May 01 TA - eneuro PG - ENEURO.0018-21.2021 VI - 8 IP - 3 4099 - http://www.eneuro.org/content/8/3/ENEURO.0018-21.2021.short 4100 - http://www.eneuro.org/content/8/3/ENEURO.0018-21.2021.full SO - eNeuro2021 May 01; 8 AB - Paramecium is a unicellular organism that swims in fresh water by beating thousands of cilia. When it is stimulated (mechanically, chemically, optically, thermally…), it often swims backward then turns and swims forward again. This “avoiding reaction” is triggered by a calcium-based action potential. For this reason, some authors have called Paramecium a “swimming neuron.” This review summarizes current knowledge about the physiological basis of behavior of Paramecium.