TY - JOUR T1 - OpBox: Open source tools for simultaneous EEG and EMG acquisition from multiple subjects JF - eneuro JO - eNeuro DO - 10.1523/ENEURO.0212-20.2020 SP - ENEURO.0212-20.2020 AU - Eyal Y. Kimchi AU - Brian F. Coughlin AU - Benjamin E. Shanahan AU - Giovanni Piantoni AU - John Pezaris AU - Sydney S. Cash Y1 - 2020/10/15 UR - http://www.eneuro.org/content/early/2020/10/15/ENEURO.0212-20.2020.abstract N2 - In vivo electrophysiology experiments require the collection of data from multiple subjects, often for extended periods. Studying multiple subjects for extended periods can be made more efficient through simultaneous recordings, but scaling up recordings to accommodate larger numbers of subjects simultaneously requires coordination and consideration of costs and flexibility. To facilitate this process, we have developed OpBox, an open source set of tools to acquire electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) flexibly from multiple rodent subjects simultaneously. OpBox combines open source hardware and software with off-the-shelf components to create a system that costs less than commercial solutions ($500 per subject), and can be easily deployed for multiple subjects. Coded in MATLAB, OpBox scripts can simultaneously and flexibly collect and display multiple analog and digital data streams, for instance real-time EEG and EMG, event triggers from a behavioral system, and rotary encoder data. OpBox also calculates and displays real-time spectral representations and event-related potentials (ERPs). To verify the performance of our system, we compare our amplifiers with two other commercial amplifiers, a Grass P55 AC preamplifier and an Intan RHD2000-series amplifier. The OpBox amplifier performs comparably to commercial amplifiers for signal to noise ratios, noise floors, and common mode rejection. We also demonstrate that our acquisition system can reliably record multi-channel data from multiple subjects, and has been successfully tested with 12 subjects running simultaneously on a single standard desktop computer. Together, OpBox increases the flexibility and lowers the cost for simultaneous acquisition of electrophysiology data from multiple subjects.Significance Statement Current commercial solutions for electrophysiology recordings in awake, behaving animals can be relatively expensive, inflexible, or challenging to interface with custom-built equipment. Here we describe the development of OpBox, an open source set of hardware and software to perform simultaneous acquisition of EEG and EMG signals from multiple behaving subjects. Together with off-the-shelf data acquisition systems, OpBox increases flexibility and lowers the cost for the simultaneous acquisition of electrophysiology from multiple behaving subjects. ER -