PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Bhedita J. Seewoo AU - Lauren A. Hennessy AU - Kirk W. Feindel AU - Sarah J. Etherington AU - Paul E. Croarkin AU - Jennifer Rodger TI - Validation of Chronic Restraint Stress Model in Young Adult Rats for the Study of Depression Using Longitudinal Multimodal MR Imaging AID - 10.1523/ENEURO.0113-20.2020 DP - 2020 Jul 01 TA - eneuro PG - ENEURO.0113-20.2020 VI - 7 IP - 4 4099 - http://www.eneuro.org/content/7/4/ENEURO.0113-20.2020.short 4100 - http://www.eneuro.org/content/7/4/ENEURO.0113-20.2020.full SO - eNeuro2020 Jul 01; 7 AB - Prior research suggests that the neurobiological underpinnings of depression include aberrant brain functional connectivity, neurometabolite levels, and hippocampal volume. Chronic restraint stress (CRS) depression model in rats has been shown to elicit behavioral, gene expression, protein, functional connectivity, and hippocampal volume changes similar to those in human depression. However, no study to date has examined the association between behavioral changes and brain changes within the same animals. This study specifically addressed the correlation between the outcomes of behavioral tests and multiple 9.4 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities in the CRS model using data collected longitudinally in the same animals. CRS involved placing young adult male Sprague Dawley rats in individual transparent tubes for 2.5 h daily over 13 d. Elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swim tests (FSTs) confirmed the presence of anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors, respectively, postrestraint. Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data revealed hypoconnectivity within the salience and interoceptive networks and hyperconnectivity of several brain regions to the cingulate cortex. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed decreased sensorimotor cortical glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), and combined Glu-Gln (Glx) levels. Volumetric analysis of T2-weighted images revealed decreased hippocampal volume. Importantly, these changes parallel those found in human depression, suggesting that the CRS rodent model has utility for translational studies and novel intervention development for depression.