RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Rigbox: An Open-Source Toolbox for Probing Neurons and Behavior JF eneuro JO eNeuro FD Society for Neuroscience SP ENEURO.0406-19.2020 DO 10.1523/ENEURO.0406-19.2020 A1 Jai Bhagat A1 Miles J. Wells A1 Kenneth D Harris A1 Matteo Carandini A1 Christopher P Burgess YR 2020 UL http://www.eneuro.org/content/early/2020/06/03/ENEURO.0406-19.2020.abstract AB Setting up an experiment in behavioral neuroscience is a complex process that is often managed with ad hoc solutions. To streamline this process we developed Rigbox, a high-performance, open-source software toolbox that facilitates a modular approach to designing experiments (github.com/cortex-lab/Rigbox). Rigbox simplifies hardware I/O, time-aligns datastreams from multiple sources, communicates with remote databases, and implements visual and auditory stimuli presentation. Its main submodule, Signals, allows intuitive programming of behavioral tasks. Here we illustrate its function with two interactive examples: a human psychophysics experiment, and the game of Pong. We give an overview of running experiments in Rigbox, provide benchmarks, and conclude with a discussion on the extensibility of the software and comparisons with similar toolboxes. Rigbox runs in MATLAB, with Java components to handle network communication, and a C library to boost performance.Significance Statement Configuring the hardware and software components required to run a behavioral neuroscience experiment and manage experiment-related data is a complex process. In a typical experiment, software is required to design a behavioral task, present stimuli, read hardware input sensors, trigger hardware outputs, record subject behavior and neural activity, and transfer data between local and remote servers. Here we introduce Rigbox, which to the best of our knowledge is the only software toolbox that integrates all the aforementioned software requirements necessary to run an experiment. This MATLAB-based package provides a platform to rapidly prototype experiments. Multiple laboratories have adopted this package to run experiments in cognitive, behavioral, systems, and circuit neuroscience.