@article {TakamiENEURO.0273-19.2020, author = {Kyosuke Takami and Masahiko Haruno}, title = {Dissociable Behavioral and Neural Correlates for Target-Changing and Conforming Behaviors in Interpersonal Aggression}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, elocation-id = {ENEURO.0273-19.2020}, year = {2020}, doi = {10.1523/ENEURO.0273-19.2020}, publisher = {Society for Neuroscience}, abstract = {Actors in interpersonal aggression such as bullies change their targets frequently, but the underlying behavioral and neural mechanisms are unknown. Here, using the catch-ball task we recently developed to examine human interpersonal aggression, we found target-changing and conforming to other participants{\textquoteright} aggression are major driving forces of increased aggression (i.e., throwing strong balls). We also found that target-changing was correlated with a participant{\textquoteright}s extraversion, consistent with a bistrategic view, in which both prosocial and coercive motivations drive interpersonal aggression. In contrast, conforming to others was correlated with social anxiety. In addition, questionnaires about participants{\textquoteright} past experiences of bullying suggested that target-changers and conformers were predominantly bullies and victims in the past. An analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) revealed that functional connectivity between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and insula were correlated with target-changing behavior, while functional connectivity between the amygdala and temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) was correlated with conformity. These results demonstrate that target-changing and conforming behaviors have dissociable behavioral and neural mechanisms and may contribute to real-world interpersonal aggressions differently.}, URL = {https://www.eneuro.org/content/7/3/ENEURO.0273-19.2020}, eprint = {https://www.eneuro.org/content/7/3/ENEURO.0273-19.2020.full.pdf}, journal = {eNeuro} }