RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 A Computational Mechanism for Seeing Dynamic Deformation JF eneuro JO eNeuro FD Society for Neuroscience SP ENEURO.0278-19.2020 DO 10.1523/ENEURO.0278-19.2020 VO 7 IS 2 A1 Kawabe, Takahiro A1 Sawayama, Masataka YR 2020 UL http://www.eneuro.org/content/7/2/ENEURO.0278-19.2020.abstract AB Human observers perceptually discriminate the dynamic deformation of materials in the real world. However, the psychophysical and neural mechanisms responsible for the perception of dynamic deformation have not been fully elucidated. By using a deforming bar as the stimulus, we showed that the spatial frequency of deformation was a critical determinant of deformation perception. Simulating the response of direction-selective units (i.e., MT pattern motion cells) to stimuli, we found that the perception of dynamic deformation was well explained by assuming a higher-order mechanism monitoring the spatial pattern of direction responses. Our model with the higher-order mechanism also successfully explained the appearance of a visual illusion wherein a static bar apparently deforms against a tilted drifting grating. In particular, it was the lower spatial frequencies in this pattern that strongly contributed to the deformation perception. Finally, by manipulating the luminance of the static bar, we observed that the mechanism for the illusory deformation was more sensitive to luminance than contrast cues.