TY - JOUR T1 - Functional Dissociation of θ Oscillations in the Frontal and Visual Cortices and Their Long-Range Network during Sustained Attention JF - eneuro JO - eNeuro DO - 10.1523/ENEURO.0248-19.2019 VL - 6 IS - 6 SP - ENEURO.0248-19.2019 AU - Hio-Been Han AU - Ka Eun Lee AU - Jee Hyun Choi Y1 - 2019/11/01 UR - http://www.eneuro.org/content/6/6/ENEURO.0248-19.2019.abstract N2 - θ-Band (4–12 Hz) activities in the frontal cortex have been thought to be a key mechanism of sustained attention and goal-related behaviors, forming a phase-coherent network with task-related sensory cortices for integrated neuronal ensembles. However, recent visual task studies found that selective attention attenuates stimulus-related θ power in the visual cortex, suggesting a functional dissociation of cortical θ oscillations. To investigate this contradictory behavior of cortical θ, a visual Go/No-Go task was performed with electroencephalogram (EEG) recording in C57BL/6J mice. During the No-Go period, transient θ oscillations were observed in both the frontal and visual cortices, but θ oscillations of the two areas were prominent in different trial epochs. By separating trial epochs based on subjects’ short-term performance, we found that frontal θ was prominent in good-performance epochs, while visual θ was prominent in bad-performance epochs, exhibiting a functional dissociation of cortical θ rhythms. Furthermore, the two θ rhythms also showed a heterogeneous pattern of phase-amplitude coupling with fast oscillations, reflecting their distinct architecture in underlying neuronal circuitry. Interestingly, in good-performance epochs, where visual θ was relatively weak, stronger fronto-visual long-range synchrony and shorter posterior-to-anterior temporal delay were found. These findings highlight a previously overlooked aspect of long-range synchrony between distinct oscillatory entities in the cerebral cortex and provide empirical evidence of a functional dissociation of cortical θ rhythms. ER -