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History
- Received April 17, 2021
- Revision received October 26, 2021
- Accepted October 26, 2021
- Published online November 23, 2021.
Copyright & Usage
Copyright © 2021 Hopkins et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.
Author Information
- William D. Hopkins1,
- Nicky Staes2,3,4,
- Michele M. Mulholland1,
- Steven J. Schapiro1,5,
- Madeleine Rosenstein2,
- Cheryl Stimpson6,7,
- Brenda J. Bradley2 and
- Chet C. Sherwood2
- 1Department of Comparative Medicine, Michale E Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602
- 2Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052
- 3Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium 2000
- 4Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium 2000
- 5Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 1017
- 6Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20817
- 7Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
- Correspondence should be addressed to William D. Hopkins at wdhopkins{at}mdanderson.org.
Author contributions
Author contributions: W.D.H., B.J.B., and C.C.S. designed research; W.D.H., N.S., S.J.S., M.R., C.S., B.J.B., and C.S. performed research; W.D.H., N.S., M.M.M., and C.S. analyzed data; W.D.H., N.S., B.J.B., and C.C.S. wrote the paper.
Disclosures
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
This research was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grants NS-092988, NS-73134, and HD-60563 and National Science Foundation INSPIRE Grant 1542848. The National Center for Chimpanzee Care (NCCC) chimpanzees are supported by the NIH NCRR Cooperative Agreement U42-OD011197. The NCCC is fully accredited by AAALAC International.
Funding
HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
NS-092988; NS-73134; HD-60563National Science Foundation (NSF)
1542848
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