Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
ASR, but not PPI, is potentiated by Opn3. A, Left, Pathway from hair cells within the cochlea to muscle twitch in the ASR. Right, Pathway from hair cells within the cochlea to cortex for conscious auditory perception and anatomic location of waves generated during the ABR. B, Pulse (120 dB SPL) was presented alone or with 59, 70, or 80 dB SPL prepulse. Same protocol was used across days. P-values reflect significant effects of genotype at given prepulse intensity for each given day. CN, cochlear nucleus; CN VIII, vestibulocochlear nerve; CTX, cortex; IC, inferior colliculus; MGN, median geniculate nucleus; PnC, pontine reticular nucleus; PPTN, pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus; SOC, superior olivary complex. See Extended Data Figure 1-1 for additional data. Data represent mean+/− s.e.m.
- Figure 2.
Opn3 and the auditory system. A, B, Expression of Opn3-eGFP in outer hair cells of the cochlea and (C) expression of Opn3creER-dependent reporter in cochlear and (D, E) vestibular structures. F, ABRs in Opn3+/+ and Opn3lacZ/lacZ mice to click and low, medium, and high frequencies. G, Representative ABR with five peaks indicated at top. H–M, Representative cochlear hair cells from three-month-old Opn3+/+ and Opn3lacZ/lacZ mice. IHC, inner hair cell; OHC, outer hair cells; PGP9.5, protein gene product 9.5; SG, spiral ganglion; SL, spiral limbus; SM, scala media; ST, scala tympani; SV, scala vestibuli. Scale bar: 50 μm. n.s., Not Significant. Data represent mean +/− s.e.m.
- Figure 3.
Opn3-deficient mice have normal motor performance. A, B, Kaplan–Meier curves of 2-d rotarod performance. n.s., Not Significant. Data represent mean +/− s.e.m.
- Figure 4.
Opn3-deficient mice have normal sociability. Time spent in chamber during (A) habituation and (B) when a stranger was placed in a cage within one chamber during three-chambered social approach. Data represent mean +/− s.e.m.
- Figure 5.
Opn3-deficient mice do not demonstrate anxiety-like behavior. A, Kaplan–Meier curve of latency to enter an open quadrant during elevated zero maze. B, Total time spent in open quadrants and (C) number of head dips during elevated zero maze. n.s., Not Significant. Data represent mean +/− s.e.m.
- Figure 6.
Novel object recognition is independent of Opn3. n.s., Not Significant. Data represent mean +/− s.e.m.
- Figure 7.
Fear conditioning is not dependent on Opn3. A, Locomotor activity during conditioning between foot-shock (unconditioned stimulus) and an auditory tone (conditioned stimulus). B, Locomotor activity during context-dependent recall. C, Locomotor activity during cue-dependent recall in which the conditioned stimulus is re-presented in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus. D, Extinction of fear conditioning. n.s., Not Significant. Data represent mean +/− s.e.m.
- Figure 8.
Morris water maze performance in wild-type and Opn3-deficient mice. A, Latency to submerged platform averaged across daily trials for five subsequent days during initial spatial learning. B, Time spent in target quadrant once submerged platform was removed on two subsequent days. C, Latency to submerged platform averaged across daily trials for five subsequent days during reversal phase. D, Time spent in target quadrant once submerged platform has been removed following spatial learning when platform was in reversal position. E, Latency to submerged platform during cued-random phase of training and (F) latency to the cued platform when probed on subsequent days. See Extended Data Figure 8-1 for additional data. n.s., Not Significant. Data represent mean +/− s.e.m.
Extended Data
Extended Data Table 1-1
Statistical table. It contains relevant statistical information for all statistical tests performed, included test performed for each experiment, n for each condition, and all p-values. Download Table 1-1, XLS file.
Extended Data Figure 1-1
ASR and PPI is not acutely dependent on lighting or time of day, but is inhibited by cortical Opn3. Average startle response in Opn3 wild-type mice at either 2 h after lights-on or 2 h after lights-off in darkness or under light exposure. A, Averages for both combined males and females, or (B) males and (C) females analyzed separately. Download Figure 1-1, TIF file.
Extended Data Figure 8-1
Morris water maze performance is independent of Opn3. Path length to platform (A) and path efficiency per day (B) averaged across trials during initial acquisition of spatial memory. C, Mean swim speed per day averaged across trials during initial acquisition of spatial memory. Distance (D), platform crossings (E), and average swim speed (F) when hidden platform was removed for two subsequent days. Path length to platform (G) and path efficiency per day (H) averaged across trials during reversal learning. I, Mean swim speed per day averaged across trials during reversal of platform location. Distance (J), platform crossings (K), and average swim speed (L) when hidden platform was removed for two subsequent days. Download Figure 8-1, TIF file.
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