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Research ArticleResearch Article: New Research, Sensory and Motor Systems

Uncovering the Locus of Object-Context-Based Modulations in Depth Processing Using Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Nicole H. L. Wong and Dorita H. F. Chang
eNeuro 18 August 2022, 9 (4) ENEURO.0217-22.2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0217-22.2022
Nicole H. L. Wong
1Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Dorita H. F. Chang
1Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
2State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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  • Figure 1.
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    Figure 1.

    Plausible and implausible variants of the 3D objects used in the current study. a, Depth maps (top row) were rendered into RDSs (bottom row). The geometry of the stimuli for the depth discrimination task and plausibility discrimination task. b, Participants were asked to judge whether the target was in front of or behind a zero-disparity reference plane (depth discrimination task). Note that grayscale images were shown via a mirror stereoscope in the experiment proper (i.e., red-cyan anaglyphic stimulus examples are shown here for greater clarity).

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    Figure 2.

    Experimental design and TMS stimulation sites. a, The illustration shows the flow of one experimental trial: a 500 ms nonius-type fixation was followed by a 500 ms disparity-defined object (RDS). Participants responded within 1 s after stimulus offset. TMS pulses were delivered concurrent with stimulus onset (five 10 Hz pulses at 60% of the maximum output of the stimulator). b, Sample ROIs of LOC (top row) and V7 (bottom row) of one representative participant.

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    Figure 3.

    Behavioral depth discrimination thresholds under the administration of TMS. Depth thresholds (raw, unnormalized data) for both plausible and implausible objects obtained during the administration of TMS over the left and right hemispheres of the following three regions of interest: Cz, LOC, and V7. Depth thresholds are presented for the LOC group and the V7 group. Error bars represent ±1 SEM (N = 24/group). Asterisks indicate significant differences between thresholds for plausible versus implausible objects at Cz for both V7 and LOC groups. Triangles indicate significant comparisons between normalized depth thresholds for left V7 versus left LOC, and left V7 versus right V7.

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    Figure 4.

    Behavioral performance in the plausibility discrimination task under TMS. Performance, indexed in terms of percentage-correct accuracies for distinguishing the physical plausibility of the object presented. Error bars represent ±1 SEM (N = 16).

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    Table 1

    Statistical table

    AnalysisFigureData structureType of testObserved power
    Depth discrimination task (to verify that both LOC and
    V7 groups had comparable baselines)
    Figure 3Assumed normalRepeated-measures ANOVA0.870
    Depth discrimination task (to measure the effects of TMS)Figure 3Assumed normalRepeated-measures ANOVA0.528
    Plausibility discrimination taskFigure 4Assumed normalRepeated-measures ANOVA0.460
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eneuro: 9 (4)
eNeuro
Vol. 9, Issue 4
July/August 2022
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Uncovering the Locus of Object-Context-Based Modulations in Depth Processing Using Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Nicole H. L. Wong, Dorita H. F. Chang
eNeuro 18 August 2022, 9 (4) ENEURO.0217-22.2022; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0217-22.2022

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Uncovering the Locus of Object-Context-Based Modulations in Depth Processing Using Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Nicole H. L. Wong, Dorita H. F. Chang
eNeuro 18 August 2022, 9 (4) ENEURO.0217-22.2022; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0217-22.2022
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Keywords

  • depth processing
  • object processing
  • transcranial magnetic stimulation

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