Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Depiction of the experimental task. A, In the encoding phase, the duration of the second ISI depended on the experimental block. Cues were EEE (TBR), VVV (TBF), or NNN (Neutral). B, Old–new recognition test during which participants pressed one of six keys dependent on their confidence ranging from “very certain that an item is new” (K1) to “very certain that an item is old” (K6).
- Figure 2.
Behavioral results of the experiment. A, Average ROCs for the short ISI (duration = 1 s). Depicted is the relationship between the cumulative increase of hit rate [p(HIT)] and false alarm rate [p(FA)]. The blue line signals the ROC for TBR stimuli, the red line depicts the ROC for TBF stimuli, and the yellow line depicts the ROC for Neutral stimuli. B, Average ROC for the long ISI (duration = 3 s), color coding, and axes are equivalent to those in A. C, Area under the ROC for the three cue conditions and the two ISI durations. Color coding is equivalent to that in A and B. Error bars indicate the 95% confidence interval for the average area under the ROC.
- Figure 3.
Analyses of the main effect Cue (N = 42). A, F values for the nonparametric comparison between time–frequency decompositions of the three cues (TBR, TBF, Neutral). Significant clusters are black rimmed. The analysis was conducted for all electrodes, time points, frequencies, and participants, and the average of all electrodes is plotted. B, Topographical distribution of F values of the revealed cluster in theta frequencies averaged across theta band (3–7.5 Hz) and time window of the cluster (0.2–0.5 s following cue onset). Significant electrodes are highlighted. C, Theta power relative to baseline over time averaged across theta frequencies, significant electrodes of the theta cluster, and participants. The blue line signals TBR, the red line signals TBF, and the orange line signals Neutral cue processing. D, Topographical distribution of F values of the revealed cluster in alpha frequencies averaged across the alpha band (8–13 Hz) and the time window of the cluster (0.3–1.4 s following cue onset). Significant electrodes are highlighted. E, Alpha power relative to baseline over the time averaged across alpha frequencies, significant electrodes of the alpha cluster, and participants. Color coding is equivalent to that in C.
- Figure 4.
Analyses of the main effect Memory Outcome (N = 42). Plotted are t values for the nonparametric comparison between the time–frequency decompositions of the two memory outcomes (subsequently remembered and subsequently forgotten). No significant clusters emerged. The analysis was conducted for all electrodes, time points, frequencies, and participants, and the average of all electrodes is plotted.
- Figure 5.
Analyses of the oscillatory differences between subsequently remembered TBR and subsequently remembered TBF stimuli (N = 33). A, t values for the nonparametric comparison between time–frequency decompositions of the two combinations. Significant clusters are black rimmed. The analysis was conducted for all electrodes, time points, frequencies, and participants, and the average of all electrodes is plotted. B, Topographical distribution of t values of the revealed cluster in theta frequencies averaged across the theta band (3–7.5 Hz) and the time window of the cluster (0.3–0.4 s following cue onset). Significant electrodes are highlighted. C, Theta power relative to baseline over the time averaged across theta frequencies, significant electrodes of the theta cluster, and participants. The blue line signals subsequently remembered TBR, and the red line signals subsequently remembered TBF stimuli. D, Topographical distribution of t values of the revealed cluster in alpha frequencies averaged across the alpha band (8–13 Hz) and the time window of the cluster (0.5–1.3 s following cue onset). Significant electrodes are highlighted. E, Alpha power relative to baseline over time averaged across alpha frequencies, significant electrodes of the alpha cluster, and participants. Color coding is equivalent to that in C.
- Figure 6.
Analyses of the oscillatory differences between subsequently forgotten TBF and subsequently forgotten TBR stimuli (N = 33). A, t Values for the nonparametric comparison between time–frequency decompositions of the two combinations. Significant clusters are black rimmed. The analysis was conducted for all electrodes, time points, frequencies, and participants, and the average of all electrodes is plotted. B, Topographical distribution of t values of the revealed cluster in alpha frequencies averaged across the alpha band (8–13 Hz) and the time window of the cluster (0.5–0.9 s following cue onset). Significant electrodes are highlighted. C, Alpha power relative to baseline over the time averaged across alpha frequencies, significant electrodes of the theta cluster, and participants. The blue line signals subsequently forgotten TBF stimuli, and the red line signals subsequently forgotten TBR stimuli.
- Figure 7.
Results for the nonparametric analysis of the interaction between cue and ISI duration (N = 42; variables: TBRLS, TBFLS, and NeutralLS). A, F values for the nonparametric comparison between time–frequency decompositions of the interaction variables. Significant clusters are black rimmed. The analysis was conducted for all electrodes, time points, frequencies, and participants, and the average of all electrodes is plotted. B, Topographical distribution of F values of the revealed cluster in theta frequencies averaged across the theta band (3–7.5 Hz) and the time window of the cluster (0.7–1.5 s following cue onset). Significant electrodes are highlighted. C, Topographical distribution of F values of the revealed cluster in alpha frequencies averaged across the alpha band (8–13 Hz) and the time window of the cluster (0.5–1.3 s following cue onset). Significant electrodes are highlighted. D, Theta and alpha power relative to baseline over time for the processing of TBR cues. Data are averaged across time windows of the clusters, significant electrodes of the clusters, participants, and either theta or alpha frequencies. The blue line signals theta power at the short ISI, the yellow line signals theta power at the long ISI, the red line signals alpha power at the short ISI, and the purple line signals alpha power at the long ISI. E, Theta and alpha power relative to baseline over time for the processing of TBF cues. Color coding and axes are equivalent to those in D. F, Theta and alpha power relative to baseline over time for the processing of Neutral cues. Color coding and axes are equivalent to those in D and E.
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