Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Experimental design. A, Brown bars and musical notes indicate the four auditory cues. The black horizontal bar indicates the range of target onsets (−400 to –100 ms before go cue). The shaded red area around the go cue indicates valid movement onset interval (−150 to 150 ms). Reported times under the brown bars correspond to time differences from go cue (fourth tone). B, LC targets on positions 1 (POS1 = 60°) and 3 (POS3 = 240°) were located on the major axis of the mobility ellipse (MAJ; thick blue ellipse) whereas HC targets on positions 2 (POS2 = 150°) and 4 (POS4 = 330°) were located on the minor axis of the mobility ellipse (MIN; thin blue ellipse). Dotted lines schematically illustrate the right arm initial position, and the gray circle indicates the hand initial position. C, First row shows the four configurations of targets used in the task. Second row illustrates the control (CTRL; first and second panels), congruent (CONG; third panel), and incongruent (INCONG; fourth panel) conditions for the first configuration of targets (CONF1).
- Figure 2.
Effects of motor costs on movements and choices without rewards. A, Average MT for each target position in 1T trials. B, Average proportion of LC target choices (targets in positions 1 and 3), for each target configuration. Values higher than 50 demonstrate a bias toward the LC target. Error bars indicate ci95 around the mean; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
- Figure 3.
Effects of motor costs on reward-based decision-making. A, Distribution of trajectory angles 100 ms after movement onset as a function of RT in CONG (green dots) and INCONG (red dots) conditions for a representative participant in CONF1. Dotted lines indicate the angle of the LC target and HC targets. B, Global success rates based on initial choices (proportion of trials for which the hand location 100 ms after movement onset was in the quadrant of the rewarded target) in CONG and INCONG conditions for each participant. C, Success rates as a function of RT in CONG (green line), INCONG (red line), R- LC (cyan line), and R-HC (magenta line) conditions. The shaded areas indicate ci95 around the mean. D, Total earned points during the experiment in CONG and INCONG conditions for each participant. Error bars indicate ci95 around the mean; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
- Figure 4.
Influence of target configuration on directional bias. A, Average success rates according to configurations of targets and congruence (green bars, CONG; red bars, INCONG). Error bars indicate ci95 around the mean; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < .001. B, Mean trajectory angle 100 ms after movement onset in INCONG condition for CONF1 (brown arrows), CONF2 (red arrows), CONF3 (orange arrows), and CONF4 (yellow arrows), and in R-HC condition for POS2 (dark purple arrows) and POS4 (light purple arrows). Concentric circles indicate RT (gray values in ms).
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