Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Comparison of RC filter and RRC filter properties. A, Circuit diagrams of an RC filter (top panel) and an RRC filter (bottom panel). B, Frequency responses (in log scale) of the RC filter (in red) and the RRC filter (in blue). Values of the filter elements were: R = 1 MΩ, RC = 10 MΩ, C = 1 μF. fc indicates the cutoff frequency for each frequency response, fTest indicates the frequency (0.1 Hz) of the harmonic signal used in the empirical estimation of the inverse filter coefficients.
- Figure 2.
Investigation of the RRC filter characteristics using test sine signals. A, Examples of sine signals at frequencies 1 mHz, 0.1 Hz, 4 Hz, and 15 Hz recorded simultaneously by the ACRRC (blue trace) and DC (black trace) channels as well as the result of signal reconstruction via IFEMPIR (inverse filter empirical) from ACRRC recording (orange trace). B, Amplitude ratio of sine signal recorded in ACRRC and DC modes at seven selected frequencies: 1 mHz, 10 mHz, 0.1 Hz, 1 Hz, 4 Hz, 8 Hz, and 15 Hz (red circles) and the amplitude ratio of reconstructed signal relative to the original signal recorded in DC mode (black crosses). C, Phase difference between DC and ACRRC signals (red circles) containing sine signals at the same frequencies as shown in panel B, and the phase difference between DC and reconstructed from ACRRC signals (black crosses).
- Figure 3.
Reconstruction of SD (spreading depolarization) from ACRRC data. A, top panel, Example of SD recorded in DC mode (black), ACRRC mode (blue) and the corresponding DC reconstruction using IFEMPIR (inverse filter empirical) (orange). Bottom panel, Corresponding reconstruction quality (difference between DC and reconstructed signals), red dashed line behind the trace indicates zero value. B, Boxplots showing SD amplitude, SD slope, AHP (afterhyperpolarization) amplitude, SD half-duration, and negative SD peak to AHP time after reconstruction compared with the corresponding parameters in DC recordings. n.s. - non-significant difference.
- Figure 4.
Reconstruction of SD (spreading depolarization)- initiated NUPs (negative ultraslow potentials) from ACRRC data. A, top panel, Examples of SD-initiated NUP recorded in DC mode (black), ACRRC mode (blue) and the corresponding reconstruction using IFEMPIR (inverse filter empirical) (orange). Bottom panel, Corresponding reconstruction quality (difference between DC and reconstructed signals), red dashed line behind the trace indicates zero value. B, Boxplots showing SD-initiated NUP amplitude, SD-initiated NUP slope and SD-initiated NUP half-duration after reconstruction compared with corresponding parameters in DC recordings. n.s. - non-significant difference.
- Figure 5.
Reconstruction of the membrane potential from whole-cell recordings. A, Example of LFP (local field potential) recording from the rat L5 barrel cortex with several up-down states. B, Example of whole-cell current-clamp DC recording (black trace) from an L5 cell near the LFP recording site shown in A; the same episode recorded in ACRRC mode (blue trace); the result of signal reconstruction from ACRRC data using IFEMPIR (inverse filter empirical) (orange trace). Histograms on the right show distributions of membrane potential values for each example, respectively. C, Trace demonstrating the difference between the original (DC) and reconstructed membrane potential recordings presented in B, red dashed line indicates zero value.
Extended Data
Extended Data 1
MATLAB codes used for the reconstruction: IFtheor.m – reconstruction using IFTHEOR. IFempir.m – reconstruction using IFEMPIR. Download Extended Data 1, ZIP file.
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