Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
No effects of sex or estrous cycle on cocaine self-administration. A, Experimental timeline. B, No sex differences were observed for average active hole responding, infusions obtained, or inactive hole responding across the 10 d of cocaine self-administration. C, No sex differences were observed in daily active hole responding, infusions obtained, or inactive hole responding over the 10 d self-administration period. D, No estrous cycle effects were observed for average active hole responding, infusions obtained, or inactive hole responding across the 10 d of cocaine self-administration. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 36 males; n = 60 females).
- Figure 2.
No differences in cocaine self-administration across groups tested at different withdrawal time points. A, B, No group differences (for animals destined for the nine groups shown in Fig. 3) were observed in average (days 1–10, A) or daily (B) active hole responding, infusions obtained, or inactive hole responding (as described in Fig. 1) during cocaine self-administration, indicating that group differences in incubated cocaine-seeking behavior (Fig. 3) were not because of differences in cocaine intake or self-administration behavior.
- Figure 3.
Estrus Females show a time-dependent increase in the magnitude of incubated cue-induced cocaine craving compared with both Non-Estrus Females and Males. A, Active hole responding on withdrawal days 1, 15, and 48. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM number of active hole (paired with the light cue) nose pokes during each seeking test (30 min). While all three groups demonstrated incubation of cue-induced cocaine craving over the first month and a half of withdrawal, Estrus Females showed an increase in the magnitude of incubated cue-induced craving compared with both Non-Estrus Females and Males that was present on withdrawal day 15 and continued to increase on withdrawal day 48. *p < 0.05, versus corresponding withdrawal day 1 for each group; #p < 0.05, versus Non-Estrus Females and Males on the specified time point; $p < 0.05, versus Estrus on withdrawal day 15. B, Active hole responding (mean ± SEM) across each 30 min seeking test in 10 min time bins. *p < 0.05, versus Non-Estrus Females and Males averaged across all time bins. C, Inactive hole responding on withdrawal day 1, 15, and 48. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM number of inactive hole (without consequence) nose pokes during each seeking test (30 min). *p < 0.05, withdrawal day 48 versus withdrawal day 1 averaged across all groups. D, Inactive hole responding (mean ± SEM) across each 30 min seeking test. n = 7–15 rats/group.
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