Skip to main content

Main menu

  • HOME
  • CONTENT
    • Early Release
    • Featured
    • Current Issue
    • Issue Archive
    • Blog
    • Collections
    • Podcast
  • TOPICS
    • Cognition and Behavior
    • Development
    • Disorders of the Nervous System
    • History, Teaching and Public Awareness
    • Integrative Systems
    • Neuronal Excitability
    • Novel Tools and Methods
    • Sensory and Motor Systems
  • ALERTS
  • FOR AUTHORS
  • ABOUT
    • Overview
    • Editorial Board
    • For the Media
    • Privacy Policy
    • Contact Us
    • Feedback
  • SUBMIT

User menu

Search

  • Advanced search
eNeuro
eNeuro

Advanced Search

 

  • HOME
  • CONTENT
    • Early Release
    • Featured
    • Current Issue
    • Issue Archive
    • Blog
    • Collections
    • Podcast
  • TOPICS
    • Cognition and Behavior
    • Development
    • Disorders of the Nervous System
    • History, Teaching and Public Awareness
    • Integrative Systems
    • Neuronal Excitability
    • Novel Tools and Methods
    • Sensory and Motor Systems
  • ALERTS
  • FOR AUTHORS
  • ABOUT
    • Overview
    • Editorial Board
    • For the Media
    • Privacy Policy
    • Contact Us
    • Feedback
  • SUBMIT
PreviousNext
Research ArticleResearch Article: New Research, Sensory and Motor Systems

Passive Motor Learning: Oculomotor Adaptation in the Absence of Behavioral Errors

Matan Cain, Yehudit Botschko and Mati Joshua
eNeuro 16 February 2021, 8 (2) ENEURO.0232-20.2020; https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0232-20.2020
Matan Cain
Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Yehudit Botschko
Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Mati Joshua
Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Mati Joshua
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • eLetters
  • PDF
Loading

Article Figures & Data

Figures

  • Figure 1.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Figure 1.

    Trial schematics and behavior in motor and fixation blocks. A, B, Schematics of the eye movement (A) and fixation (B) trials. Arrows show the direction of target motion, circle represents the target before motion onset, and squares represent the fixation target. C, Average eye movement in the learned direction on the first trial of learning (dashed gray trace) and postlearning trials (50th to 100th trial) averaged across all motor blocks (black). D, E, Average eye movement in the learned (D) and base (E) directions at the end of washout blocks (25 last eye movement trials, dashed gray) and after learning on motor blocks (50th to 100th trial averaged across all motor blocks, solid black) and fixation blocks (5th to 10th eye movement trials averaged across all congruent fixation blocks, solid gray). In all traces, shadowing represents SEM. Vertical dashed lines show the time of the change of direction (250 ms) and end of target motion (650 ms).

  • Figure 2.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Figure 2.

    Learning from observation is not driven solely by infrequent eye movement trials. A, Schematics represent the direction change epoch in the different experimental conditions. Left, Eye movement trials with change in direction. Middle, Congruent trial-fixation trial with directional change. Right, Incongruent trial-fixation trial without directional change. B, Average learned eye velocity as a function of time from motion onset for eye movement trials averaged across all congruent (blue) and incongruent (red) blocks. C, Learned response on incongruent (vertical) versus congruent (horizontal) blocks. Filled and open symbols show data from Monkeys A and C. Solid line indicates unity. D, Schematics represent the target motion in the different experimental conditions. Left, Eye movement trials without a change in direction. Middle, Fixation trials in which rightward is the learned direction. Right, Fixation trial in which leftward is the learned direction. E, Average learned eye velocity in eye movement trials averaged across all learning blocks as a function of time from motion onset in blocks in which the moving target moved rightward (blue) or leftward (red). F, Learned response in adjacent blocks in which on fixation trials the target moved rightward (horizontal) or leftward (vertical). Filled and open symbols show data from Monkeys A and C. Solid line indicates unity. In all traces, shadowing represents the SEM. Vertical dashed line shows the time of the change in direction of the moving target.

  • Figure 3.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Figure 3.

    Learning is not driven by residual movement on fixation trials. A, Schematics showing the direction of motion change on trials with large (top), small (bottom left) and no change (bottom right) in target direction. B, C, Eye velocity in base (B) and learned (C) direction as a function of time from motion onset on fixation (solid trace) and test (dashed trace) trials. Blue and red traces show the velocity averaged across congruent and incongruent fixation blocks. D, Difference in learned eye velocity between fixation trials from congruent and incongruent blocks (gray) and difference between trials with small and no angle in the corresponding blocks (black). Dashed red line indicates null velocity. E, Average learned eye velocity as a function of time from motion onset in test trials in blocks without change in direction (blue) and with a small change in direction (red). F, Base velocity on fixation trials, average from 200 up to 300 ms after motion onset versus learned response in subsequent test trials in fixation congruent blocks. Filled and open symbols show data from Monkeys A and C. G, H, Base velocity on fixation trials (G) and learned velocity on eye movement trials (H) in fixation congruent blocks as a function of time from motion onset for group of fixation trials with low, medium, and high base velocities (blue, red, and black traces). In all traces, shadowing represents the SEM. Vertical dashed line shows the time of the change in direction of the moving target.

  • Figure 4.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Figure 4.

    Learning on fixation blocks is driven by change in direction. A, Schematics represent the target motion and position at the beginning and end of direction change epochs. Arrow represents the direction of motion; squares represent the fixation target and dots represent the location of the moving target at the end of the trial. Top, Eye movement trials with change in direction. Middle, Fixation trials in blocks with target motion. Bottom, Fixation trials in blocks without target motion; the moving target vanished with the change in direction and reappeared at the end of the epoch. B, Average learned eye velocity as a function of time from motion onset in learned direction in eye movement trials averaged across all motion (blue) and position (red) blocks. C, Learned response in eye movement trials on motion (horizontal) versus position (vertical) blocks. Solid line indicates unity. Filled and open symbols show data from Monkeys A and C. In all traces, shadowing represents the SEM. Vertical dashed line shows the time of the change in direction of the moving target.

  • Figure 5.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Figure 5.

    Learning on fixation blocks is modulated by expected reward. A, top, Fixation trials in congruent rewarded blocks. Left, Congruent rewarded trials. Right, Incongruent unrewarded trials. Bottom, Fixation trials in incongruent rewarded blocks. Left, Incongruent rewarded trials. Right, Congruent unrewarded trials. Colors correspond to the color of the target used for Monkey C. For Monkey A blue and pink signaled reward and omission of reward. B, Learned eye velocity as a function of time from motion onset averaged across all eye movement trials in congruent rewarded (blue) and incongruent rewarded (red) blocks. C, Learned response in congruent rewarded (horizontal) versus incongruent rewarded (vertical) blocks. Solid line indicates unity. One outlier that had values of (0.52; −1.53) is not shown. Filled and open symbols show data from Monkeys A and C. In all traces, shadowing represents the SEM. Vertical dashed line shows the time of the change in direction of the moving target.

  • Figure 6.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Figure 6.

    Learning dynamics in motor and fixation congruent blocks. A, B, Learning curve for motor (solid) and congruent fixation blocks (dashed) with single (A) or multiple (B) base and learned directions. Exponential fit of the motor learning curve is shown in red. In all traces, shadowing represents the SEM. C, Learned velocity in eye movement trials averaged across all motor (up) and fixation blocks (bottom). Colors represent learned velocity, and each horizontal line of the image shows eye velocity as a function of time for a single trial. The trials in a learning block progress from the bottom to the top of the image. The left plot shows data from Monkeys A and C; the middle and right from Monkeys E and F.

Back to top

In this issue

eneuro: 8 (2)
eNeuro
Vol. 8, Issue 2
March/April 2021
  • Table of Contents
  • Index by author
  • Ed Board (PDF)
Email

Thank you for sharing this eNeuro article.

NOTE: We request your email address only to inform the recipient that it was you who recommended this article, and that it is not junk mail. We do not retain these email addresses.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Passive Motor Learning: Oculomotor Adaptation in the Absence of Behavioral Errors
(Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from eNeuro
(Your Name) thought you would be interested in this article in eNeuro.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Print
View Full Page PDF
Citation Tools
Passive Motor Learning: Oculomotor Adaptation in the Absence of Behavioral Errors
Matan Cain, Yehudit Botschko, Mati Joshua
eNeuro 16 February 2021, 8 (2) ENEURO.0232-20.2020; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0232-20.2020

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Respond to this article
Share
Passive Motor Learning: Oculomotor Adaptation in the Absence of Behavioral Errors
Matan Cain, Yehudit Botschko, Mati Joshua
eNeuro 16 February 2021, 8 (2) ENEURO.0232-20.2020; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0232-20.2020
Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Significance Statement
    • Introduction
    • Materials and Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Acknowledgments
    • Footnotes
    • References
    • Synthesis
    • Author Response
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • eLetters
  • PDF

Keywords

  • adaptation
  • eye movements
  • motor learning
  • smooth pursuit

Responses to this article

Respond to this article

Jump to comment:

No eLetters have been published for this article.

Related Articles

Cited By...

More in this TOC Section

Research Article: New Research

  • Deletion of endocannabinoid synthesizing enzyme DAGLα in Pcp2-positive cerebellar Purkinje cells decreases depolarization-induced short-term synaptic plasticity, reduces social preference, and heightens anxiety
  • Release of extracellular matrix components after human traumatic brain injury
  • Action intentions reactivate representations of task-relevant cognitive cues
Show more Research Article: New Research

Sensory and Motor Systems

  • Combinatorial Approaches to Restore Corticospinal Function after Spinal Cord Injury
  • Action intentions reactivate representations of task-relevant cognitive cues
  • Interference underlies attenuation upon relearning in sensorimotor adaptation
Show more Sensory and Motor Systems

Subjects

  • Sensory and Motor Systems
  • Home
  • Alerts
  • Follow SFN on BlueSky
  • Visit Society for Neuroscience on Facebook
  • Follow Society for Neuroscience on Twitter
  • Follow Society for Neuroscience on LinkedIn
  • Visit Society for Neuroscience on Youtube
  • Follow our RSS feeds

Content

  • Early Release
  • Current Issue
  • Latest Articles
  • Issue Archive
  • Blog
  • Browse by Topic

Information

  • For Authors
  • For the Media

About

  • About the Journal
  • Editorial Board
  • Privacy Notice
  • Contact
  • Feedback
(eNeuro logo)
(SfN logo)

Copyright © 2025 by the Society for Neuroscience.
eNeuro eISSN: 2373-2822

The ideas and opinions expressed in eNeuro do not necessarily reflect those of SfN or the eNeuro Editorial Board. Publication of an advertisement or other product mention in eNeuro should not be construed as an endorsement of the manufacturer’s claims. SfN does not assume any responsibility for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from or related to any use of any material contained in eNeuro.