Figure 1. Impact of deletion of ATG7 in microglia on seizure susceptibility. A, Western blot analysis of p62 in ATG7KO mice and their littermate controls. B, Quantification of p62 protein levels in ATG7KO mice and their littermate controls; n = 6 (3 M, 3 F). The unpaired mean difference (hereafter referred to as UMD) between control and ATG7KO is 1.02e+02 (95.0%CI 85.1, 1.21e+02). The p value of the two-sided permutation t test (hereafter referred to as pt) is 0.0008. C, Quantification of latency to fall in the rotarod test in 21 littermate control (11 M, 10 F) and 23 ATG7KO mice (10 M, 13 F). Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures; group effect: F(4,110) = 63.46, p < 0.0001; time effect: F(4,110) = 294.1, p < 0.0001; interaction: F(4,110) = 3.104, p = 0.0184 (CI = 95%). D, Quantification of total distance traveled in the OFT in 21 littermate control (11 M, 10 F) and 23 ATG7KO mice (10 M, 13 F). UMD: −2.48 (95.0%CI −4.05, −0.791); pt = 0.0068. E, Pilocarpine doses to induce SE in in 23 control (10 M, 13 F) and 22 ATG7KO (12 M, 10 F) mice. UMD: −1.48e+02 (95.0%CI −1.82e+02, −1.15e+02); pt = 0.0. F, Percentage of control and ATG7KO mice surviving SE induced by pilocarpine in 23 control (10 M, 13 F) and 22 ATG7KO (12 M, 10 F) mice. Log-rank (Mantel–Cox) test: p < 0.0001. G, Percentage of control and ATG7KO mice surviving SE induced by kainic acid (0.5 μl of 20 and 50 μm) injected into the dorsal dentate gyrus of the hippocampus; n = 6 (3 M, 3 F). Log-rank (Mantel–Cox) test: p = 0.0009 between control+KA 20 mm and ATG7KO+KA 20 mm; p = 0.0009 between control+KA 50 mm and ATG7KO+KA 50 mm. H, After-discharge threshold in control and ATG7KO mice subjected to kindling. UMD: −43.7 [95.0%CI −55.2, −32.8]; pt: 0.0. I, Representative epidural recordings of electrical activities in ipsilateral and contralateral sides. J, Numbers of stimulations needed to elicit contralateral activities in control and ATG7KO mice. Two-way ANOVA; group effect: F(30,30) = 7.336, p < 0.0001; number of stimulation effect: F(1,30) = 14.43, p = 0.0007. K, Representative EEG traces of animals that developed generalized seizures because of kindling. L, Numbers of stimulations needed to trigger generalized seizures in control and ATG7KO mice. Two-way ANOVA; group effect: F(30,30) = 5.3, p < 0.0001; number of stimulation effect: F(1,30) = 26.28, p < 0.0001. M, Average seizure duration in control and ATG7KO mice. UMD: 9.55 (95.0%CI −1.34, 19.0); pt = 0.0506.