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Research ArticleResearch Article: Methods/New Tools, Sensory and Motor Systems

Whole-Body Imaging of Neural and Muscle Activity during Behavior in Hydra vulgaris: Effect of Osmolarity on Contraction Bursts

Wataru Yamamoto and Rafael Yuste
eNeuro 22 July 2020, 7 (4) ENEURO.0539-19.2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0539-19.2020
Wataru Yamamoto
1Neurotechnology Center, Department Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
1Neurotechnology Center, Department Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
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Rafael Yuste
1Neurotechnology Center, Department Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
2Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
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Abstract

The neural code relates the activity of the nervous system to the activity of the muscles to the generation of behavior. To decipher it, it would be ideal to comprehensively measure the activity of the entire nervous system and musculature in a behaving animal. As a step in this direction, we used the cnidarian Hydra vulgaris to explore how physiological and environmental conditions alter simple contractile behavior and its accompanying neural and muscle activity. We used whole-body calcium imaging of neurons and muscle cells and studied the effect of temperature, media osmolarity, nutritional state, and body size on contractile behavior. In mounted Hydra preparations, changes in temperature, nutrition state, or body size did not have a major effect on neural or muscle activity, or on contractile behavior. But changes in media osmolarity systematically altered contractile behavior and foot detachments, increasing their frequency in hypo-osmolar media solutions and decreasing it in hyperosmolar media. Similar effects were seen in ectodermal, but not in endodermal muscle. Osmolarity also bidirectionally changed the activity of contraction burst (CB) neurons, but did not affect the network of rhythmic potential (RP) neurons in the ectoderm. These findings show osmolarity-dependent changes in the activity of CB neurons and ectodermal muscle, consistent with the hypothesis that CB neurons respond to media hypo-osmolarity, activating ectodermal muscle to generate CBs. This dedicated reflex could serve as an excretory system to prevent osmotic injury. This work demonstrates the feasibility of studying an entire neuronal and muscle activity in a behaving animal.

Footnotes

  • The authors declare no competing financial interests.

  • This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant CRCNS 1822550 and by the Burroughs Wellcome Fund 2018 Collaborative Research Travel Grant. Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) research was supported in part by competitive fellowship funds from the H. Keffer Hartline, Edward F. MacNichol, Jr. Fellowship Fund, The E. E. Just Endowed Research Fellowship Fund, Lucy B. Lemann Fellowship Fund, and Frank R. Lillie Fellowship Fund Fellowship Fund of the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, MA.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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eneuro: 7 (4)
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July/August 2020
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Whole-Body Imaging of Neural and Muscle Activity during Behavior in Hydra vulgaris: Effect of Osmolarity on Contraction Bursts
Wataru Yamamoto, Rafael Yuste
eNeuro 22 July 2020, 7 (4) ENEURO.0539-19.2020; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0539-19.2020

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Whole-Body Imaging of Neural and Muscle Activity during Behavior in Hydra vulgaris: Effect of Osmolarity on Contraction Bursts
Wataru Yamamoto, Rafael Yuste
eNeuro 22 July 2020, 7 (4) ENEURO.0539-19.2020; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0539-19.2020
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