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Research ArticleResearch Article: New Research, Disorders of the Nervous System

Topological Data Analysis Reveals Robust Alterations in the Whole-Brain and Frontal Lobe Functional Connectomes in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Zeus Gracia-Tabuenca, Juan Carlos Díaz-Patiño, Isaac Arelio and Sarael Alcauter
eNeuro 21 April 2020, 7 (3) ENEURO.0543-19.2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0543-19.2020
Zeus Gracia-Tabuenca
1Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
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Juan Carlos Díaz-Patiño
2Instituto de Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
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Isaac Arelio
2Instituto de Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
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Sarael Alcauter
1Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
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    Figure 1.

    The Betti-0 curve. A, Two-dimensional toy example: a set of 15 nodes, four filtration values ε, represented as the circle diameter and their corresponding Betti-0 (B0). B, Betti-0 curve for a hypothetical brain network; each point in the curve represents the B0 for each filtration value. In both cases, at ε = 0 the number of components is equal to the number of nodes, n. As the filtration value increases, the number of components reduces, and eventually will reach a single one containing all nodes. Brain views generated with brain-net (Xia et al., 2013), r stands for Pearson’s correlation.

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    Figure 2.

    KCC between brain parcellations for the explored properties of the B0 curves: AUC, slope and kurtosis. KCC value is depicted in yellow-red, with p(KCC > 0.59) < 0.05, given two raters and 176 degrees of freedom.

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    Figure 3.

    B0 curves for each group and brain parcellation. Group average with 95% confidence interval (CI) of the B0 curves. Forest plot of OR with 95% CI for the logistic regression terms of AUC, kurtosis (K), and slope (S) are depicted for each brain atlas: AAL (top left), CC200 (top right), P264 (bottom left), and CC400 (bottom right). Gray dashed line stands for OR equal to one.

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    Figure 4.

    Edges with differences in the proportion of subjects between groups at ε = 0.35 (A) and ε = 0.5, 0.75, and 1 (B). Nodes from each lobe (AAL atlas) are represented with different colors in the chord diagrams. Only edges with a proportion difference at p < 0.01 (uncorrected) are depicted. For ε = 0.35 the edges are represented in the brain using brain-net (Xia et al., 2013). R stands for the right side of the brain.

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    Figure 5.

    Group differences for anatomic and functional subnetworks. Pairwise plot and chord diagrams (Gu et al., 2014) of significant differences for the area under the B0 curves (pFWE < 0.05) between groups. Anatomical lobes (top) are based on AAL parcellation and functional networks (bottom) are based on P264 parcellation. AUD, auditory; CBL, cerebellar; CinOp, cingulo-opercular; DMN, default mode; DAN, dorsal attention: FPN, fronto-parietal; MEM, memory retrieval; SAL, salience; SMN.H, sensory/somatomotor hand; SMN.H, sensory/somatomotor mouth; SUB, subcortical; VAN, ventral attention; VIS, visual.

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    Table 1

    Phenotypic information by diagnostic group

    TDCADHD
    Frequency9681
    Sex (F/M)51/4522/59OR = 3.019
    Age (years old)12.26 (±3.07)10.5 (±2.48)d = 0.63
    ADHD index44.97 (±4.75)72.78 (±8.18)d = –4.26
    IQ111.27 (±13.92)108.22 (±13.69)d = 0.22
    Motion (mm)0.067 (±0.054)0.072 (±0.041)d = –0.11
    • Motion stands for the average RMS of the relative head motion within the scanner (computed with FSL’s MCFLIRT). Grouped effect sizes by odds ratio (OR) and Cohen’s d (d).

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Topological Data Analysis Reveals Robust Alterations in the Whole-Brain and Frontal Lobe Functional Connectomes in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Zeus Gracia-Tabuenca, Juan Carlos Díaz-Patiño, Isaac Arelio, Sarael Alcauter
eNeuro 21 April 2020, 7 (3) ENEURO.0543-19.2020; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0543-19.2020

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Topological Data Analysis Reveals Robust Alterations in the Whole-Brain and Frontal Lobe Functional Connectomes in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Zeus Gracia-Tabuenca, Juan Carlos Díaz-Patiño, Isaac Arelio, Sarael Alcauter
eNeuro 21 April 2020, 7 (3) ENEURO.0543-19.2020; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0543-19.2020
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Keywords

  • attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
  • functional connectivity
  • persistent homology
  • resting-state fMRI
  • topological data analysis

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