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Research ArticleResearch Article: New Research, Cognition and Behavior

First-Person Virtual Embodiment Modulates the Cortical Network that Encodes the Bodily Self and Its Surrounding Space during the Experience of Domestic Violence

Aline W. de Borst, Maria V. Sanchez-Vives, Mel Slater and Beatrice de Gelder
eNeuro 20 April 2020, 7 (3) ENEURO.0263-19.2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0263-19.2019
Aline W. de Borst
1University College London Interaction Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6EA, United Kingdom
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Maria V. Sanchez-Vives
2Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
3ICREA, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Mel Slater
4Event Laboratory, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
5Institute of Neurosciences of the University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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Beatrice de Gelder
5Institute of Neurosciences of the University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
6Brain and Emotion lab, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Figures

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  • Figure 1.
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    Figure 1.

    Experimental design. In two counterbalanced sessions, participants were immersed in a VR scenario (VR exposure) where they either observed the scenario from a 1PP and performed visuomotor exercises congruent with the female character’s movements (1PP; top left), or observed the scenario from a 3PP and performed visuomotor exercises congruent with the virtual camera’s movements (3PP; bottom left). In both sessions, participants were subsequently moved to an MRI scanner, where they watched a continuous 3D video from 1PP showing a domestic violence situation in which a male aggressor approached the viewer and entered their personal space (right).

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    Figure 2.

    Visualization of the threat proximity predictor.

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    Figure 3.

    Boxplots of VR questionnaire data. Left, The boxplots show the medians, interquartile ranges, maximum and minimum (as indicated by the stems) and outliers of the questionnaire scores that addressed the subjective experience of body ownership and identification for each condition (1PP, 3PP). An asterisk indicates a significant difference (FDR < 0.05). Right, The boxplots show the medians, interquartile ranges, maximum and minimum of the difference scores (1PP-3PP) for body ownership and identification.

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    Figure 4.

    ISC differences (permutation testing, N = 20, p[corrected] < 0.05) between perception of an identical 3D domestic violence video preceded by 1PP and 3PP exposure. Voxels that showed significantly higher ISC after 1PP exposure than 3PP exposure are indicated in yellow (top). Voxels that showed significantly higher ISC after 3PP exposure than 1PP exposure are indicated in red (bottom).

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    Figure 5.

    Differences in effective connectivity between perception of an identical 3D threat video preceded by 1PP and 3PP exposure (RFX ANCOVA, N = 20, p[corrected] < 0.05). The arrows indicate the direction of the connectivity between regions that is unique for each condition.

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    Figure 6.

    Differences in functional connectivity between perception of an identical 3D threat video preceded by 1PP and 3PP exposure (RFX ANCOVA, N = 20, p[corrected] < 0.05).

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    Figure 7.

    Correlation between threat proximity and the ISC time course within each ROI in the 1PP (dark gray) and the 3PP (light gray) session. An asterisk indicates a significant relationship between threat proximity and ISC (FDR < 0.05).

Tables

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    Table 1

    Mean Talairach coordinates and cluster sizes of the ROIs that were defined on the basis of anatomic probability atlases and used in the ISC and connectivity analyses

    NameHemisphereCluster sizeMean Talairach coordinates
    xyz
    PMLeft91529–30–1244
    Right9124228–1544
    IPSLeft38404–35–5238
    Right4074636–5339
    PSCLeft85135–32–2643
    Right9387331–2943
    SMGLeft68995–44–3733
    Right7028242–3932
    PVCLeft36337–13–811
    Right3572714–772
    PACLeft13410–45–2011
    Right1021846–1710
    MT/V5Left6530–41–692
    Right668546–640
    SPLLeft78210–18–5846
    Right6919918–5748
    AMGLeft5169–22–4–13
    Right532621–5–13
    ACCLeft23304–72031
    Right2802552131
    aINSLeft16817–31811
    Right1736129810
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First-Person Virtual Embodiment Modulates the Cortical Network that Encodes the Bodily Self and Its Surrounding Space during the Experience of Domestic Violence
Aline W. de Borst, Maria V. Sanchez-Vives, Mel Slater, Beatrice de Gelder
eNeuro 20 April 2020, 7 (3) ENEURO.0263-19.2019; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0263-19.2019

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First-Person Virtual Embodiment Modulates the Cortical Network that Encodes the Bodily Self and Its Surrounding Space during the Experience of Domestic Violence
Aline W. de Borst, Maria V. Sanchez-Vives, Mel Slater, Beatrice de Gelder
eNeuro 20 April 2020, 7 (3) ENEURO.0263-19.2019; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0263-19.2019
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Keywords

  • first-person perspective
  • fMRI
  • naturalistic neuroscience
  • peripersonal space
  • threat
  • virtual reality

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