Figure 1.
SD interrupted circadian oscillations in proBDNF activity in the hippocampus. Rats were entrained to a standard L/D condition (A), 12/12 h dark/dark cycle (D/D condition; B), partial SD between ZT0 and ZT4 [SD(0–4); C], or partial SD between ZT4 and ZT8 [SD(4–8); D]. Actograms of voluntary movement during L/D (free-running) condition (A, left), D/D (free-running) condition (B, left), SD(0–4) condition and SD(4–8) condition (D, left) showed a circadian oscillation. Each actogram was from individual animal; n = 6–8 per group. The expression of vHPC proBDNF, normalized to actin, during the 24-h cycle in L/D (free-running) condition (A, right), D/D (free-running) condition (B, right), SD(0–4) condition (C, right), and SD(4–8) condition (D, right); n = 7–8 per time point. E, When ZT were blocked into 12-h increments, the movement, normalized by the activity of L/D condition during ZT0 and ZT12, showed no different among all conditions; n = 6–8 per group. F, Quantification of proBDNF relative to actin protein expression at ZT4 and ZT16; **p < 0.01; n = 7–8 per time point.