Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Center-out reaching tasks and grip force tasks. Schematic of (A) manual and (B) observational task during the cued center-out reaching tasks as well as for cued manual (C) and observational (D) grip force tasks.
- Figure 2.
PSD plots (left column in each subplot) of LFPs for rewarding (red) and nonrewarding (blue) trials across manual (upper row in each subplot) and observational (lower row in each subplot) tasks during center-out reaching (A, B) tasks and grip force (C, D) tasks. Bar graphs show significant differences of α (8-14 Hz, right column in each subplot) band (***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01; Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Error bars in the bar plots represent SEM.
- Figure 3.
Comodulograms showing the MI for rewarding (left column in each subplot) and nonrewarding trials (middle column in each subplot) across manual (upper row in each subplot) and observational tasks (lower row in each subplot) for contralateral (A, C, D) and ipsilateral (B) M1 cortices. Bar graphs (right column in each subplot) show significant differences of α-γ MI values for rewarding (red) and nonrewarding (blue) trials (****p < 0.0001; Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Error bars in the bar plots represent SEM. A, B are for the center-out reaching tasks, and C, D are for the grip force tasks.
- Figure 4.
SFC plots (upper row in each subplot) for sample units for rewarding (red) and nonrewarding (blue) trials across manual (left column in each subplot) and observational (right column in each subplot) tasks for contralateral (A, C, D) and ipsilateral (B) M1 cortices. Bar charts (lower row in each subplot) represent the population of significantly different M1 units for SFC values in α-band (8–14 Hz) during rewarding (red) and nonrewarding (blue) trials, and those with no significant difference (gray; Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p < 0.05). Each column in the bar chart represents precue (before cue, 500 ms), postcue (after cue, 800 ms), prereward (before reward, 500 ms), and postreward (after reward, 500 ms) periods. A, B are for the center-out reaching tasks, and C, D are for the grip force tasks.
- Figure 5.
Total population of M1 units that had significantly higher FRs for rewarding (red), nonrewarding (blue) trials, or neither (gray) across manual (left column) and observational (right column) tasks for contralateral (A, C, D) and ipsilateral (B) M1 cortices (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p < 0.05). Each column in the bar chart represents precue (500 ms), postcue (800 ms), prereward (500 ms), and postreward (500 ms) periods. A, B are for the center-out reaching tasks, and C, D are for the grip force tasks.
- Figure 6.
The relationship between neural firing and the α-band cycle during rewarding (left column in each subplot) and nonrewarding (right column in each subplot) trials across manual (upper row in each subplot) and observational task (lower row in each subplot) for contralateral (A, C, D) and ipsilateral (B) M1 cortices (****p < 0.0001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05; n.s., no significance; one-way ANOVA). Error bars in the bar plots represent SEM. A, B are for the center-out reaching tasks, and C, D are for the grip force tasks.
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