Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Grand averages of the difference waves (deviant ERP minus standard ERP). ERPs from the fronto-central pooling of electrodes were averaged over all participants for each deviation condition. The lines represent the means, the shaded areas indicate 95% within-subject confidence intervals. Darker colors illustrate larger deviation magnitudes. In block A (standard tone 440 Hz), amplitudes increase with larger deviation magnitude. In block C (standard tone 264 Hz), no such clear relationship can be observed.
- Figure 2.
Grand averages of the difference waves (deviant minus standard) for AP (in red) and non-AP (in blue) musicians. Deviation magnitude increases from top to bottom. The lines represent the group means, the shaded areas represent the 95% between-subject confidence interval.
- Figure 3.
Voltage distributions over the scalp for the MMN and P3a for each group and each deviant in block A (standard tone 440 Hz) and block C (standard tone 264 Hz). Topographies are shown at the time point of the peak according to the grand average of the specific deviation condition and group. Deviation magnitude increases from left to right. Both MMN and P3a are maximally expressed at fronto-central electrode sites.
- Figure 4.
Performance in the pitch-labeling test for AP and non-AP musicians. Octave errors were treated as correct answers, resulting in a chance level of 8.33% (dashed line). AP musicians are depicted in red, non-AP musicians in blue. AP musicians performed significantly better than non-AP musicians (t(101.75) = 13.77, p < 0.001, d = 2.70).
- Figure 5.
MMN and P3a amplitudes of musicians with AP and without AP (non-AP) for all deviation conditions in block A (standard tone 440 Hz) and block C (standard tone 264 Hz). Deviants are ordered from left to right according to increasing deviation magnitude. Amplitudes of AP musicians are shown in red, amplitudes of non-AP musicians are shown in blue.
Tables
AP
musicians
(n = 54)Non-AP
musicians
(n = 50)Sex
Female
Male
27
27
24
26Age (years) 26.67 (5.49) 25.30 (4.51) Handedness
Right-handed
Left-handed
Both-handed
47
4
3
45
4
1Intelligence (MWT-B)a 27.69 (5.10) 29.06 (4.68) Age of onset of musical training (years) 5.93 (2.39) 6.48 (2.46) Lifetime cumulative training (h)b 1.66 (1.22) 1.36 (0.96) Musical aptitude (AMMA)a 66.11 (6.31) 63.22 (6.86) Pitch-labeling test (%) 76.41 (19.55) 24.31 (19.01) Standard tone Deviant tones Block A 440 Hz 438 Hz 422 Hz 416 Hz 264 Hz Block C 264 Hz 416 Hz 422 Hz 438 Hz 440 Hz Deviant tones are listed from left to right according to increasing deviation magnitude.
In this issue
