Figure 6. IL-1RI deficiency, but not individual IL-1α or IL-1β deficiency, resulted in improved cognitive function after FPI. The impact of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1RI deficiency on spatial learning and memory after FPI was assessed using the Barnes maze. Mice exposed to sham or FPI injury underwent Barnes maze testing beginning 2 wk post-injury. Spatial learning was assessed with 4 d of spatial acquisition training. A probe trial on day 5 of testing assessed short-term reference memory. A, B, IL-1α littermates: WT sham (n = 11), WT FPI (n = 17), IL-1α–/– sham (n = 12) IL-1α–/– FPI (n = 21). C, D, IL-1β littermates: WT sham (n = 9), WT FPI (n = 14), IL-1β–/– sham (n = 11), IL-1β–/– FPI (n = 15). E, F, IL-1RI littermates: WT sham (n = 11), WT FPI (n = 18), IL-1RI–/– sham (n = 10), IL-1RI–/– FPI (n = 19). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Acquisition training, two-way RM ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD for multiple comparisons. *, p < 0.05 WT sham compared with WT FPI, +, p < 0.05 KO sham compared with KO FPI, #, p < 0.05 KO FPI compared with WT FPI. Probe trial, one-way ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD for multiple comparisons. *, p < 0.05. The data are pooled from 7–10 independent experiments per strain.