Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Experimental design overview. At each experimental session, subjects received full-intensity TBS or sham-intensity TBS to an area of right DLPFC identified via an fMRI experiment using similar memory testing conditions (Bridge et al., 2017), as marked in red. Immediately following stimulation, subjects completed three study-test blocks. Active-retrieval and passive-restudy trials were randomly intermixed. For active-retrieval trials, subjects studied three objects (initial study; 4 s), then selected one object (∼1.8 s), and moved it to its associated location (∼1.1 s; manipulation). These trials were used to assess short-term spatial recall accuracy. For passive-restudy trials, subjects clicked on the highlighted object (∼1.3 s) and then dragged the experiment-determined object to its associated location (∼1.2 s), indicated by a red box on the grid. Subjects then continued to view all objects at their associated locations (restudy; 4 s). Following a 60-s distractor, subjects completed delayed memory testing. Subjects attempted to select the object at the bottom of the screen associated with the reminder cue on the grid, given the presence of a foil from a different trial (∼2.2 s; associative recognition) and then moved the object to its associated location (∼1.6 s; long-term spatial recall).
- Figure 2.
Short-term and long-term episodic memory following DLPFC stimulation. A, Short-term spatial memory was not significantly altered due to DLPFC stimulation. B, Long-term associative recognition memory was selectively reduced in the active-retrieval condition following DLPFC stimulation relative to sham. C, Long-term spatial recall in the active-retrieval condition was also selectively impaired following DLPFC stimulation relative to sham. Error bars depict SEM. ∼p < 0.1, *p < .05, **p < .01.
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