Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Surface renderings of the brain activation showing significant activation in the general mixed design ANOVA for the interaction between all three factors, group as the between-subjects factor and session and stimulus position as the within-subjects factors (A); and for the interaction between the factors group and session (B). C–E, Surface renderings of post hoc paired t tests (post > pre-intervention) for the L-PA (C), R-PA (D), and neutral groups (E) for each stimulus position separately. All maps are set at a threshold of p < 0.05 and k > 100 for the interactions and k > 150 for the t tests.
- Figure 2.
Schematic representation of the dorsal and ventral attentional systems (DAS, VAS, outlined in blue and orange, respectively), the visual areas, and their interactions (based on Koch et al., 2008; Corbetta and Shulman, 2011). Situations without PA (A) as well as after L-PA (B) and R-PA (C) are represented. L-PA-induced changes are highlighted in yellow: enhancement of right visual field representation in the right VAS (as reported in our current findings) and the increased inhibition from left to right DAS (resulting from change in respective excitability as in Schintu et al., 2016). R-PA-induced changes (C) are highlighted in gray (based on Crottaz-Herbette et al., 2014 and discussed in Clarke and Crottaz-Herbette, 2016).
- Figure 3.
Schematic representation summarizing putative neural mechanisms that underlie the effects of L-PA. Same conventions as in Figure 2. The pink cross designates the actual position of the target and highlights the contralateral DAS, which is involved in pointing towards this target position. The green circle designates the position of the same target as perceived within the (left) visual space when wearing leftward deviating prisms, its representation in the right visual cortex and DAS. The pink circle highlights the L-PA-enhanced representation of the (right) visual field within the (right) DAS. Exposure to L-PA is likely to strengthen the link between the representation of the perceived target within the (right) visual cortex and the left DAS. The most likely link involves heterotopic interhemispheric connections between the (right) VAS and left DAS (full gray arrow). The homotopic interhemispheric connections between visual areas and those between DAS are unlikely to contribute (outlined gray arrows).
Tables
- Table 1.
Average accuracy (mean ± SEM; top) and average reaction times (bottom) for the visual detection task for the L-PA, R-PA, and neutral groups for both sessions (1 and 2) and for all stimulus positions (left, central, and right targets)
Left targets Central targets Right targets Session 1 2 1 2 1 2 Accuracy (%) L-PA 99.64 ± 0.36 98.93 ± 1.07 98.93 ± 0.57 99.29 ± 0.49 99.64 ± 0.36 100.00 ± 0.00 R-PA 98.21 ± 1.00 99.29 ± 0.49 100.00 ± 0.00 99.29 ± 0.71 96.79 ± 1.62 99.64 ± 0.36 Neutral 100.00 ± 0.00 98.21 ± 1.79 99.64 ± 0.36 99.29 ± 0.49 99.64 ± 0.36 98.57 ± 1.10 Reaction time (ms) L-PA 388 ± 24 399 ± 17 383 ± 24 385 ± 17 379 ± 23 403 ± 19 R-PA 408 ± 15 416 ± 19 397 ± 15 403 ± 15 401 ± 13 414 ± 15 Neutral 375 ± 10 404 ± 14 360 ± 10 383 ± 14 365 ± 9 396 ± 10
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