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Research ArticleNew Research, Cognition and Behavior

Slow Accumulations of Neural Activities in Multiple Cortical Regions Precede Self-Initiation of Movement: An Event-Related fMRI Study

Honami Sakata, Kosuke Itoh, Yuji Suzuki, Katsuki Nakamura, Masaki Watanabe, Hironaka Igarashi and Tsutomu Nakada
eNeuro 23 October 2017, 4 (5) ENEURO.0183-17.2017; https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0183-17.2017
Honami Sakata
1Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
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Kosuke Itoh
1Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
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Yuji Suzuki
1Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
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Katsuki Nakamura
2Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama City, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
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Masaki Watanabe
1Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
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Hironaka Igarashi
1Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
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Tsutomu Nakada
1Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
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  • ORCID record for Tsutomu Nakada
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    Figure 1.

    Task design. In the free-timing condition, each subject freely decided when to move his right hand while fixating his gaze on a stationary mark. In the cued timing condition, the subject produced movements in response to a visual cue.

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    Figure 2.

    fMRI signal time courses. The red line represents the time of movement onset, defined as T = 0 (s). The shaded region indicates the time window (−4 ≤ T ≤ 1) in which the fMRI responses in the free-timing and cued-timing conditions were compared, and asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Even absent an external stimulus, significant buildups of activation during the premovement period were observed in the visual cortex, auditory cortex, SMA, precuneus, right IPL, right IFG, and insula.

  • Figure 3.
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    Figure 3.

    Subtraction t-maps during premovement period. Subtraction t-maps (free timing minus cued timing) showed neural activities in multiple cortical areas, beginning several seconds before the onset of self-initiated movement, defined as T = 0. AUD, auditory cortex; INS, insula; Pcu, precuneus; VIS, visual cortex; L, left; R, right.

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eneuro: 4 (5)
eNeuro
Vol. 4, Issue 5
September/October 2017
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Slow Accumulations of Neural Activities in Multiple Cortical Regions Precede Self-Initiation of Movement: An Event-Related fMRI Study
Honami Sakata, Kosuke Itoh, Yuji Suzuki, Katsuki Nakamura, Masaki Watanabe, Hironaka Igarashi, Tsutomu Nakada
eNeuro 23 October 2017, 4 (5) ENEURO.0183-17.2017; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0183-17.2017

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Slow Accumulations of Neural Activities in Multiple Cortical Regions Precede Self-Initiation of Movement: An Event-Related fMRI Study
Honami Sakata, Kosuke Itoh, Yuji Suzuki, Katsuki Nakamura, Masaki Watanabe, Hironaka Igarashi, Tsutomu Nakada
eNeuro 23 October 2017, 4 (5) ENEURO.0183-17.2017; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0183-17.2017
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Keywords

  • free will
  • intention
  • decision making
  • self-initiated movement
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