Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 3.
Results from the sugar pellet magnitude discrimination task. In all panels, a indicates significant difference from chance responding (50% preference, p < 0.001). A, Relationship between the difference in reward size (pellet number) and the animals’ preference for the larger reward. b indicates significant difference from one pellet (p < 0.01), and c indicates significant difference from two pellets (p < 0.05). B, Preference for the larger reward at each possible reward comparison. Statistical comparisons were made only within comparison groups (e.g., within one-pellet difference). d indicates significant difference from one-versus-two comparison (p < 0.05). C, Number of trials completed in each comparison. Statistical comparisons were made only within comparison groups (e.g., within one pellet difference). d indicates significant difference from one-versus-two comparison (p < 0.01). D, Relationship between the average total number of sugar pellets earned in each comparison and the number of trials the animal completed. Dotted line denotes significant correlation between these values (R2 = 0.998, p < 0.0001). E, Preference for the larger reward over the course of the average session (time normalized across sessions), at each difference in reward size. Dotted line illustrates the mean of all comparisons, and significance is denoted only for this mean (there was no significant effect of comparison). e, f, and g denote significant difference from bins 0–0.1, 0.1–0.2, and 0.2–0.3, respectively (all p < 0.001). F, Trial completion rate over the course of the average session (time normalized across sessions), at each level of proportionate difference in reward size. Dotted line illustrates the mean of all comparisons, and significance is denoted only for this mean (there was no significant effect of comparison). e, f, and g denote significant difference from bins 0–0.1, 0.1–0.2, and 0.2–0.3, respectively (all p < 0.001).
Tables
Graph Type of test Statistical values Statistical values a. Fig. 2A, preference for larger reward z tests (50% preference; one-tailed); ANOVA (% difference in compared BSR frequencies) p < 0.001 (25–100% difference in BSR)*F(3,45) = 13.1, p < 0.001* p’s<0.001 (25-100% difference in BSR)*F(3,45)=13.1, p<0.001* b. Fig. 2B, preference for larger reward z tests (50% preference; one-tailed); ANOVA (individual frequency comparisons) p < 0.05 (all BSR comparisons)*F(10,118) = 6.995, p < 0.001* p’s<0.05 (all BSR comparisons)*F(10,118)=6.995, p<0.001* c. Fig. 2C, preference for larger reward z tests (50% preference; one-tailed); ANOVA (raw difference in compared BSR frequencies) all p < 0.001 (all BSR comparisons)*F(5,37) = 3.61, p = 0.011* all p’s<0.001 (all BSR comparisons)*F(5,37)=3.61, p=0.011* d. Fig. 2D, number of trials completed ANOVA (individual frequency comparisons) F(10,118) = 2.446, p = 0.011* F(10,118)=2.446, p=0.011* e. Fig. 2E, preference for larger reward z tests (50% preference; one-tailed); ANOVA (proportionate time × % difference in BSR frequency); ANOVA (proportionate time); ANOVA (% difference in BSR frequency) p ≤ 0.01 (all BSR comparisons)*F(27,279) = 1.346, p = 0.133F(9,279) = 5.838, p < 0.001*F(3,279) = 20.582, p < 0.001* p’s≤0.01 (all BSR comparisons)*F(27,279)=1.346, p=0.133F(9,279)=5.838, p<0.001*F(3,279)=20.582, p<0.001* f. Fig. 2F, number of trials completed ANOVA (proportionate time × % difference in BSR frequency); ANOVA (proportionate time); ANOVA (% difference in BSR frequency) F(27,279) = 1.242, p = 0.205F(9,279) = 6.320, p < 0.001*F(3,279) = 1.457, p = 0.259 F(27,279)=1.242, p=0.205F(9,279)=6.320, p<0.001*F(3,279)=1.457, p=0.259 g. Fig. 3A, preference for larger reward z tests (50% preference; one-tailed); ANOVA (difference in pellet number) p < 0.001 (all pellet comparisons)*F(3,39) = 8.63, p < 0.001* p’s<0.001 (all pellet comparisons)*F(3,39)=8.63, p<0.001* h. Fig. 3B, preference for larger reward z tests (50% preference; one-tailed); ANOVA (individual pellet comparisons within each comparison range) p < 0.001 (1v2, 2v3, 1v3, 2v4, 1v4, 2v5, 1v5)*F(10,118) = 7.00, p < 0.001* p’s<0.001 (1v2, 2v3, 1v3, 2v4, 1v4, 2v5, 1v5)*F(10,118)=7.00, p<0.001* i. Fig. 3C, number of trials completed ANOVA (individual pellet comparisons within each comparison range) F(10,109) = 5.40, p < 0.001* F(10,109)=5.40, p<0.001* j. Fig. 3D, number of trials completed Pearson correlation R 2 = 0.998, p < 0.0001* R2=0.998, p<0.0001* k. Fig. 3E, preference for larger reward z tests (50% preference; one-tailed); ANOVA (proportionate time × % difference in pellet number); ANOVA (proportionate time); ANOVA (% difference in pellet number) p ≤ 0.05 (0.0–0.1 proportionate time)*F(27,399) = 1.509, p = 0.056F(9,399) = 25.29, p < 0.001*F(3,399) = 1.91, p = 0.152 p≤0.05 (0.0-0.1 proportionate time)*F(27,399)= 1.509, p=0.056F(9,399)= 25.29, p<0.001*F(3,399)= 1.91, p=0.152 l. Fig. 3F, number of trials completed ANOVA (proportionate time × difference in pellet number); ANOVA (proportionate time); ANOVA (% difference in pellet number) F(27,399) = 0.878, p = 0.64F(9,399) = 112.136, p < 0.001*F(3,399) = 1.146, p = 0.349 F(27,399)=0.878, p=0.64F(9,399)=112.136, p<0.001*F(3,399)=1.146, p=0.349 m. Fig. 4A, preference for 1 sugar pellet z test (50% preference; one-tailed); ANOVA (proportionate BSR frequency) p < 0.05 (0%, 50% BSR)*F(4,24) = 0.413, p = 0.80 p’s<0.05 (0%, 50% BSR)*F(4,24)=0.413, p=0.80 n. Fig. 4B, preference for 2 sugar pellets z test (50% preference; one-tailed); ANOVA (proportionate BSR frequency) p < 0.001 (0%, 25% BSR)*F(4,24) = 0.963, p = 0.449 p’s<0.001 (0%, 25% BSR)*F(4,24)=0.963, p=0.449 o. Total pellets earned ANOVA (sugar pellet reward size × BSR reward size); ANOVA (sugar pellet reward size); ANOVA (BSR reward size) F(4,49) = 1.486, p = 0.253F(1,49) = 66.31, p < 0.001*F(4,49) = 1.037, p = 0.418 F(4,49)=1.486, p=0.253F(1,49)=66.31, p<0.001*F(4,49)=1.037, p=0.418 p. Fig. 4C, preference for 1 sugar pellet z test (50% preference; one-tailed); ANOVA (proportionate time × proportionate BSR frequency); ANOVA (proportionate time); ANOVA (proportionate BSR frequency) all p < 0.05 (0.3–1.0 proportionate time)*F(36,249) = 0.928, p = 0.59F(9,249) = 3.987, p = 0.001F(4,249) = 0.82, p = 0.531 all p’s<0.05 (0.3-1.0 proportionate time)*F(36,249)=0.928, p=0.59F(9,249)=3.987, p=0.001F(4,249)=0.82, p=0.531 q. Fig. 4D, preference for 2 sugar pellets z test (50% preference; one-tailed); ANOVA (proportionate time × proportionate BSR frequency); ANOVA (proportionate time); ANOVA (proportionate BSR frequency) all p < 0.05 (0.6–1.0 proportionate time)*F(36,249) = 1.886, p = 0.005*F(9,249) = 10.60, p < 0.001*F(4,249) = 1.295, p = 0.314 all p’s<0.05 (0.6-1.0 proportionate time)*F(36,249)=1.886, p=0.005*F(9,249)=10.60, p<0.001*F(4,249)=1.295, p=0.314 r. Fig. 4E, number of trials completed (1-pellet sessions) ANOVA (proportionate time × proportionate BSR frequency); ANOVA (proportionate time); ANOVA (proportionate BSR frequency) F(36,249) = 0.916, p = 0.608F(9,249) = 3.353, p = 0.004*F(4,249) = 1.538, p = 0.239 F(36,249)=0.916, p=0.608F(9,249)=3.353, p=0.004*F(4,249)=1.538, p=0.239 s. Fig. 4F, number of trials completed (2-pellet sessions) ANOVA (proportionate time × proportionate BSR frequency); ANOVA (proportionate time); ANOVA (proportionate BSR frequency) F(36,249) = 1.360, p = 0.105F(9,249) = 4.673, p < 0.001*F(4,249) = 0.606, p = 0.664 F(36,249)=1.360, p=0.105F(9,249)=4.673, p<0.001*F(4,249)=0.606, p=0.664
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