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Research ArticleNew Research, Cognition and Behavior

Proactive Control: Neural Oscillatory Correlates of Conflict Anticipation and Response Slowing

Andrew Chang, Jaime S. Ide, Hsin-Hung Li, Chien-Chung Chen and Chiang-Shan R. Li
eNeuro 16 May 2017, 4 (3) ENEURO.0061-17.2017; https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0061-17.2017
Andrew Chang
1Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617
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Jaime S. Ide
2Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
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Hsin-Hung Li
1Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617
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Chien-Chung Chen
1Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617
3Center for Neurobiology and Cognitive Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617
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Chiang-Shan R. Li
2Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
4Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
5Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
6 Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing 100096, China
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Abstract

Proactive control allows us to anticipate environmental changes and adjust behavioral strategy. In the laboratory, investigators have used a number of different behavioral paradigms, including the stop-signal task (SST), to examine the neural processes of proactive control. Previous functional MRI studies of the SST have demonstrated regional responses to conflict anticipation—the likelihood of a stop signal or P(stop) as estimated by a Bayesian model—and reaction time (RT) slowing and how these responses are interrelated. Here, in an electrophysiological study, we investigated the time–frequency domain substrates of proactive control. The results showed that conflict anticipation as indexed by P(stop) was positively correlated with the power in low-theta band (3–5 Hz) in the fixation (trial onset)-locked interval, and go-RT was negatively correlated with the power in delta-theta band (2–8 Hz) in the go-locked interval. Stimulus prediction error was positively correlated with the power in the low-beta band (12–22 Hz) in the stop-locked interval. Further, the power of the P(stop) and go-RT clusters was negatively correlated, providing a mechanism relating conflict anticipation to RT slowing in the SST. Source reconstruction with beamformer localized these time–frequency activities close to brain regions as revealed by functional MRI in earlier work. These are the novel results to show oscillatory electrophysiological substrates in support of trial-by-trial behavioral adjustment for proactive control.

  • Bayesian model
  • Electroencephalogram (EEG)
  • neural oscillation
  • proactive control
  • stop-signal task

Footnotes

  • The authors declare no competing financial interests.

  • This study was supported by Taiwan MOST (Taiwan) 103-2410-H-002-076-MY3 (CCC); NIH grants DA023248, DA026990 (CSRL), and AA021449 (CSRL); and NSF grant BCS1309260 (CSRL). The funding agencies were otherwise not involved in data collection and analysis or in the decision in publishing the results.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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eneuro: 4 (3)
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May/June 2017
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Proactive Control: Neural Oscillatory Correlates of Conflict Anticipation and Response Slowing
Andrew Chang, Jaime S. Ide, Hsin-Hung Li, Chien-Chung Chen, Chiang-Shan R. Li
eNeuro 16 May 2017, 4 (3) ENEURO.0061-17.2017; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0061-17.2017

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Proactive Control: Neural Oscillatory Correlates of Conflict Anticipation and Response Slowing
Andrew Chang, Jaime S. Ide, Hsin-Hung Li, Chien-Chung Chen, Chiang-Shan R. Li
eNeuro 16 May 2017, 4 (3) ENEURO.0061-17.2017; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0061-17.2017
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Keywords

  • Bayesian Model
  • Electroencephalogram (EEG)
  • neural oscillation
  • proactive control
  • Stop-Signal Task

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