Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1.
Magnitude-based decision-making task and behavior. A, Schematic of behavioral task. Left, during forced choice high-magnitude trials, one cue light was illuminated for 5 s followed by extension of both levers. Presses on the correct lever resulted in two sucrose pellets. Presses on the nonsignaled lever were counted as errors, resulting in termination of the houselight for the remainder of the trial period, with no reward delivery. Middle, on forced choice low-magnitude trials, the other cue light was illuminated for 5 s followed by extension of both levers. If the correct lever was chosen, one sucrose pellet was delivered. Presses on the nonsignaled lever were counted as errors and were unrewarded. Right, during free choice trials, both cue lights illuminated for 5 s followed by extension of both levers. Responses were rewarded based on the contingency of the lever chosen. B, Percentage of correct reinforced responses during high- and low-magnitude forced choice trials. C, Percentage of total errors on forced choice trials. D, Responses during free choice trials indicate that rats significantly preferred the high-magnitude (compared with low-magnitude) option. Data are mean ± SEM. *, p < 0.01.
- Fig. 2.
Example of differential dopamine release dynamics to the cue signaling high and low forced choice trials. Two-dimensional color representations of cyclic voltammetric data collected for 10 s around forced high-magnitude (A) and forced low-magnitude (B) trials in the NAc shell for a single representative animal. The ordinate is the applied voltage (Eapp) and the abscissa is time (s). Differential dopamine concentration [DA] determined via principal component analysis is plotted below the color plots.
- Fig. 3.
Dopamine release dynamics in the NAc shell and core during the magnitude based decision-making task. A, Average dopamine release in the shell across all rats and trial types. B, Average dopamine release in the core across all rats and trial types. Dashed line at time 0 indicates cue period in A and B.
- Fig. 4.
Cue-evoked dopamine release dynamics in the NAc shell and core. A, Area under the curve analysis across both the shell and core during forced high, forced low, and free choice trials. B, Peak dopamine concentration [DA] across all rats in the shell and core during forced high, forced low, and free choice trials. All data are mean ± SEM. *, p < 0.05.
- Fig. 5.
Dopamine release dynamics relative to the lever press response during the task. A, Dopamine release dynamics in the NAc shell and core aligned to lever press response (onset at time 0) across forced high, forced low, and free choice trials. B, Trough dopamine concentration [DA] across all rats in the shell and core during forced high (black lines), forced low (light gray lines), and free choice (dark gray lines) trials. All data are mean ± SEM. *, p < 0.05.
- Fig. 6.
Histologic confirmation of carbon-fiber microelectrodes tips in the NAc shell (n = 8, white circles) or core (n = 7, black circles).
Tables
Location Fig. Data structure Type of test Statistical value p-value a 1B Normal distribution, 2-tailed Paired t test t14 = 3.726 <0.01 b 1C Normal distribution, 2-tailed Paired t test t14 = 3.769 <0.01 c 1D Normal distribution, 2-tailed Paired t test t14 = 13.90 <0.001 d 3A One factor (time) One-way ANOVA F5,35 = 3.214 <0.05 Fisher’s LSD High
Low
Choice<0.05
>0.05
<0.05Normal distribution, 2-tailed Paired t test t5 = 1.779 >0.05 Normal distribution, 2-tailed Paired t test t7 = 0.3043 >0.05 e 3B 1-Way ANOVA F5,30 = 0.6477 >0.05 Normal distribution, 2-tailed Paired t test t4 = 1.006 >0.05 Normal distribution, 2-tailed Paired t test t5 = 0.6448 >0.05 f 4A Two factors (trial type, region) 2-way ANOVA Trial type: F2,26 = 14.40
Region: F1,13 = 5.124
Interaction: F2,26 = 2.371<0.0001
<0.05
0.1133Bonferroni’s High vs. low
High vs. choice
Choice vs. low<0.05
>0.05
<0.05g 4B Two factors (trial type, region) 2-way ANOVA Trial type: F2,26 = 7.584
Region: F1,14 = 2.738
Interaction: F2,14 = 0.857<0.01
0.1219
0.4362Bonferroni’s High vs. low
High vs. choice
Choice vs. low<0.05
>0.05
<0.05h 5B Two factors (trial type, region) 2-way ANOVA Trial type: F2,24 = 0.42
Region: F1,12 = 5.744
Interaction: F2,24 = 0.0260.6617
<0.05
0.9748
In this issue
