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Research ArticleNew Research, Cognition and Behavior

Following Eye Gaze Activates a Patch in the Posterior Temporal Cortex That Is not Part of the Human “Face Patch” System

Kira Marquardt, Hamidreza Ramezanpour, Peter W. Dicke and Peter Thier
eNeuro 9 March 2017, 4 (2) ENEURO.0317-16.2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0317-16.2017
Kira Marquardt
1Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Hamidreza Ramezanpour
1Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
2Graduate School of Neural and Behavioural Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
3International Max Planck Research School for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
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Peter W. Dicke
1Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Peter Thier
1Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
4Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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  • Fig. 1.
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    Fig. 1.

    Sequence of visual stimuli in the active task. At the beginning of each block of trials, a written instruction (either gaze-following or color-matching) was presented on the screen for 5 s. Each trial started with a baseline fixation picture with direct gaze (lasting for 5 s), immediately followed by one of five possible portraits (target portraits), present for 4 s, with the demonstrator’s gaze directed at a specific target and exhibiting a distinct iris color. Subjects were not allowed to make an eye movement until the disappearance of the fixation target. Afterward, alternately 10 fixations (each 5-s duration) and 10 trial pictures (each 4-s duration) were presented. The demonstrator has agreed for her portrait to be published.

  • Fig. 2.
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    Fig. 2.

    Illustration of the first experiment’s stimulus. The eyes of the person are directed to the dark-blue target (gaze cue), but the person’s iris color corresponds to the light-brown target (color cue). According to the introduced condition at the beginning of the block, the subject would have to make a saccade toward the dark-blue target (gaze-following condition) or toward the light-brown target (color-matching condition). The demonstrator has agreed for her portrait to be published.

  • Fig. 3.
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    Fig. 3.

    Behavioral data for gaze-following (dark gray) and color-matching (light gray) showing no significant difference in either mean accuracy or mean reaction time (time between the go signal and the start of the eye movement (n = 20 sessions, 160 correct trials). Error bars represent SE.

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    Fig. 4.

    MRI group data showing the BOLD response for the contrast gaze-following versus baseline fixation.

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    Fig. 5.

    MRI group data showing the BOLD response for the contrast color-matching versus baseline fixation.

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    Fig. 6.

    MRI group data showing the BOLD response for the contrast gaze-following versus color-matching. Activation maximum in right hemisphere in Talaraich coordinates (50, –64, 2).

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    Fig. 7.

    Spatial organization of face-selective areas and the gaze-following patch.

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    Fig. 8.

    Selectivity of the individually defined STS-FA to gaze-following in contrast to the selectivity of the GFP to static face perception. Error bars indicate 90% confidence intervals. In the right STS-FA (Talaraich coordinates of the peak: 51, –42, 12), the mean contrast value for gaze-following is not significantly different from zero, in accordance with the assumption of a lack of gaze-following selectivity (t-test, p = 0.49). On the other hand, the contrast value for face perception in the right GFP (Talaraich coordinates of the peak: 50, –64, 2) is not significantly different from zero, meaning no face-selectivity (t-test, p = 0.20).

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Following Eye Gaze Activates a Patch in the Posterior Temporal Cortex That Is not Part of the Human “Face Patch” System
Kira Marquardt, Hamidreza Ramezanpour, Peter W. Dicke, Peter Thier
eNeuro 9 March 2017, 4 (2) ENEURO.0317-16.2017; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0317-16.2017

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Following Eye Gaze Activates a Patch in the Posterior Temporal Cortex That Is not Part of the Human “Face Patch” System
Kira Marquardt, Hamidreza Ramezanpour, Peter W. Dicke, Peter Thier
eNeuro 9 March 2017, 4 (2) ENEURO.0317-16.2017; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0317-16.2017
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Keywords

  • face Patch
  • gaze-following patch
  • joint attention
  • Posterior Superior Temporal Sulcus

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